Gender, Marital, and Parental Barriers to Pursuing Gastroenterology Fellowship: A Multicenter Analysis of a National Survey and Actionable Solutions.

Introduction: Female gastroenterologists comprise 19% of the gastroenterology (GI) workforce, despite females making up 30% of GI fellows and over 50% of medical students in the USA. Barriers to pursuing GI fellowship have not been studied at the resident level. We aimed to determine multiple barriers that may prevent internal medicine (IM) residents from pursuing GI fellowship.

A rare case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by species in a renal transplant patient.

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis (CP) is a serious form of phaeohyphomycosis. We report a case of CP caused by species in a 66-year-old immunocompromised renal transplant recipient female. Craniotomy was performed on an irregularly enhancing right cerebellar hemisphere lesion and abscess and tissue samples collected for microbiological and histological evaluation, showing fungal elements and species was isolated.

Updates in Endoscopic Bariatric and Metabolic Therapies.

The rising prevalence of obesity, and related morbidity and mortality, has necessitated the development of therapeutic weight loss strategies. Lifestyle modifications alone have only yielded modest benefit, and while bariatric surgery has shown significant short- and long-term results, only a minority of eligible patients end up receiving this treatment. Endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies (EBMTs) are a rapidly evolving field, which provides a less invasive middle ground treatment option for weight loss.

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Manifesting as a Recurrent Spontaneous Subdural Hematoma: A Case Report.

Background: Diagnosing cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) manifested as a spontaneous subdural hematoma (SDH) is challenging due to variability of its clinical features. The neuroradiological investigation is crucial to confirm the diagnosis. The management of SDH secondary to CVST is controversial and not well established.

Translational AI and Deep Learning in Diagnostic Pathology.

There has been an exponential growth in the application of AI in health and in pathology. This is resulting in the innovation of deep learning technologies that are specifically aimed at cellular imaging and practical applications that could transform diagnostic pathology. This paper reviews the different approaches to deep learning in pathology, the public grand challenges that have driven this innovation and a range of emerging applications in pathology.

Perceptions About Treatment Of Psychiatric Disorders By Faith Healers/ Psychiatrists Among General Public Of Urban And Rural Areas Of Rawalpindi District.

Background: With the passage of time, there has been a drastic increase in psychiatric disorders in past few decades across the world. Due to lack of education and awareness in the rural community, a majority of people still have strong misconceptions about the causation of psychiatric disorders and hence serve as a barrier for their medical treatment.

Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban and rural areas of Rawalpindi district from March to August 2015, to find out the perception about treatment of psychiatric disorders among general public.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: latest evidence and clinical implications.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and results in an economic and social burden that is both substantial and increasing. The natural history of COPD is punctuated by exacerbations which have major short- and long-term implications on the patient and healthcare system. Evidence-based guidelines stipulate that early detection and prompt treatment of exacerbations are essential to ensure optimal outcomes and to reduce the burden of COPD.

Chewing areca nut, betel quid, oral snuff, cigarette smoking and the risk of oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in South Asians: a multicentre case-control study.

Oesophageal cancer remains an important public health problem worldwide. This multicentre matched case-control study examined the chewing areca nut alone, betel quid with tobacco, oral snuff (snuff dipping) and cigarette smoking as the risk factors for oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. We enrolled 91 cases of oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma and 364 matched controls from three tertiary-care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan.

The role of external drains and peritoneal conduits in the treatment of recurrent chronic subdural hematoma.

Background: A considerable body of evidence supporting the use of external drainage after evacuation of primary chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) exists in the literature. However, no systematic study of the value of postoperative drainage in the treatment of recurrent CSDH has been published. The aim of the study was to investigate external drains and subdural-to-peritoneal conduit in the treatment of recurrent CSDH.

Rapid development of glioblastoma at the site of atypical meningioma resection.

The authors describe symptomatic presentation of glioblastoma within six months of resection of an atypical meningioma, at the same frontal parafalcine cerebral location. The patient had neither prior nor adjuvant radiotherapy nor known genetic risk factors. Possible links between invasive meningioma and transformation of adjacent glial cells or precursors to malignant glioma are discussed.

Adaptive discriminant wavelet packet transform and local binary patterns for meningioma subtype classification.

The inherent complexity and non-homogeneity of texture makes classification in medical image analysis a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a combined approach for meningioma subtype classification using subband texture (macro) features and micro-texture features. These are captured using the Adaptive Wavelet Packet Transform (ADWPT) and Local Binary Patterns (LBPs), respectively.