Legal landscape and a few case studies of natural products' sales in India: challenges and resolutions.

This review examines India's legal framework governing natural product sales, focusing on challenges and solutions. It analyses key legislation, including the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, Food Safety and Standards Act, and Biological Diversity Act, while addressing jurisdictional overlaps among bodies like FSSAI and CDSCO. Case studies highlight intellectual property disputes, quality control, mislabelling, false advertising, and unauthorised sales, emphasising consumer safety and public health.

Descriptive Report of Injuries Sustained by Secondary School Baseball Players Categorized by Community-Level of Socioeconomic Status.

Context: Baseball is a popular sport in the United States, with widespread play among secondary school student-athletes. Baseball-related injuries may vary based on community-level socioeconomic status of schools. Objective: To describe the injuries sustained by secondary school baseball players from schools categorized by community-level socioeconomic status.

Adaptable framework for cost-analyses in radiotherapy: Application to the cost of proton versus photon therapy for lung cancer in The Netherlands.

Background/purpose: Proton radiation-therapy (PrT) may provide clinical benefit for lung cancer compared to photon radiation-therapy (PhT), however is more costly. Literature reporting costs for PrT, PhT, and comparisons thereof, particularly from a societal perspective, are scarce. This study aims to provide an adaptable framework to estimate PrT/PhT costs, demonstrated through application to lung cancer, from societal and healthcare perspectives.

Significance of Impurity Analysis in Antiviral Drug: A Critical Review.

Today's pharmaceutical products are seeing a massive increase in impurity profiling. A drug substance or product will inevitably contain contaminants in trace amounts. According to pharmaceutical chemistry, impurities are undesirable substances found in pharmaceutical compounds with therapeutic activity.

A randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a multi-step oral hygiene product intervention to improve oral health in partial denture wearers.

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-step oral hygiene intervention among removal partial denture (RPD) wearers.

Methods: A 12-week, single-blind, randomised, 2-armed, parallel-group, controlled trial was conducted with 49 RPD-wearing participants with mild-moderate gingivitis. The intervention group received stannous fluoride toothpaste, sodium fluoride mouth rinse, and an antibacterial denture cleanser foam.

Current developments and trends in hybrid extraction techniques for green analytical applications in natural products.

Natural product extraction has advanced significantly due to the growing need for environmentally friendly and sustainable analytical techniques. The medicinal benefits of natural products are gaining worldwide recognition. This shift emphasizes the need for sustainable extraction methods, as traditional organic solvents can negatively impact biodiversity.

A step towards efficient water splitting: a high-performance CuCo(OH)/CNT/MoS electrocatalyst.

A high-performance CuCo(OH)/CNT/MoS composite electrocatalyst was synthesized by rapid co-precipitation. This bifunctional material exhibits exceptional electrochemical properties, achieving low overpotentials of 65 mV (OER) and 211 mV (HER) at , with Tafel slopes of 96 mV dec and 110 mV dec. Notably, CuCo(OH)/CNT/MoS demonstrates remarkable durability, sustaining its activity for more than 40 hours in alkaline and 25 hours in acidic media, accompanied by minimal charge transfer resistance.

Retraction: Diffuse Uterine Leiomyomatosis: A Rare Case of Symmetrically Enlarged Uterus.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60827.

piRNAs in leukemogenesis: Mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic implications.

The small, non-coding RNAs known as piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) serve essential roles in gene regulation by silencing transposable elements and protecting oncogenes and tumour suppressors. The production of piRNA bioactive forms uses precursor mRNAs, which team with Piwi proteins to support genome maintenance. Accurate leukaemia regulation requires piRNAs because abnormalities in these regulatory elements contribute to disease development and drug resistance progression.

Impaction of third molars and localized cancer of the oral cavity: a simple occasional finding? A retrospective case series and literature review.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze, through a literature review and the description of four clinical cases, whether prolonged tooth impaction may represent a trigger for the onset of oral carcinoma.

Materials E Methods: In this report, four cases of patients needing the extraction of third molars in complete mucosal or bone impaction are described, which, due to the presence of an unusual radiographic and/or clinical aspect, were found to represent cases of oral carcinomas on histologic analysis. Patients were then referred to the ENT department for further care.

Transformative potentials, challenges and innovative solutions of lipidomics in multiple clinical applications.

Lipidomics, a rapidly evolving field within metabolomics, provides comprehensive insights into lipid profiles and their roles in health and disease. Advances in lipidomics have enabled the discovery of novel biomarkers with significant clinical applications, revolutionizing the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring of various diseases. Emerging methodologies, including high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) have enhanced lipid identification and quantification with remarkable analytical whip hands.

Molecular signatures that translate across omics layers and crops under high aluminium and low phosphorus stress facilitate the identification of reliable molecular targets for genotyping in lentil.

Aluminium toxicity and phosphorus deficiency are co-existing characteristics of low pH stress that significantly affect the grain yield of crops. The increasing acidity of Indian soils potentially limits the cultivable area for lentil (Lens culinaris), the third most widely consumed pulse. Breeding for tolerance requires an understanding of interdependent biological responses, but the molecular characterization of integrated tolerance remains elusive.

Language Augmentation in CLIP for Improved Anatomy Detection on Multi-modal Medical Images.

Vision-language models have emerged as a powerful tool for previously challenging multi-modal classification problem in the medical domain. This development has led to the exploration of automated image description generation for multi-modal clinical scans, particularly for radiology report generation. Existing research has focused on clinical descriptions for specific modalities or body regions, leaving a gap for a model providing entire-body multi-modal descriptions.

Toward Decision Support System for Lower Limb Endovascular Revascularization.

Vascular surgeons take decisions on the revascularization technics when surgery is needed for patients with Lower Extremities Arterial Disease (LEAD). This decision requires experience, good knowledge of official recommandations and new technics and an exhaustive description of the patient status. The Case Based Reasoning (CBR) is a good candidate to clinical decision support.

Assessing angiographic results of saline autotransfusion and thrombus aspiration in STEMI patients.

Background: Effective myocardial reperfusion in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) remains challenging despite advancements in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study evaluates the impact of thrombus aspiration (TA) and saline autotransfusion (SAT) compared to standard PCI (NOTA) on coronary flow dynamics and myocardial perfusion.

Research Design And Method: This prospective cohort study enrolled 157 STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI.

Adjacent Channel Weight Dependable RLS Adaptive Filter with VMD based Artifact Removal Mechanism in Fetal ECG Separation.

This paper proposes an adjacent channel weight dependable recursive least square adaptive filter (ACWD-RLS) with variational mode decomposition (VMD) based artifact removal mechanism in separating the fetal ECG (FECG) components from the pregnant mother abdominal ECG (AECG). This approach requires the two abdominal, and a single thorax ECG to extract the FECG component present in the AECG. The algorithm uses three independent VMD decomposition algorithms in which one decomposes the thorax ECG while the other two decompose the abdominal ECGs of adjacent channels.

Investigation of myocardial bioimpedance at multiple frequencies for cardiac radiofrequency ablation: ex-vivo experiments.

Background: Bioimpedance method is used clinically as a surrogate measure of effective tissue heating during cardiac ablation. It does not, however provide information regarding thermal cellular destruction which is the goal of ablation procedures.

Objective: This study investigated myocardial impedance (resistance and reactance) at different frequencies in response to the thermal effect and across temperatures where tissue necrosis occurs during ablation.

Development and Validation of a Class Imbalance-Resilient Cardiac Arrest Prediction Framework Incorporating Multiscale Aggregation, ICA and Explainability.

Objective: Despite advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) for predicting cardiac arrest (CA) with multivariate time-series vital signs data, existing models continue to face significant problems, particularly concerning balance, efficiency, accuracy, and explainability. While neural networks have been proposed to extract multiscale features from raw data in various applications, to our knowledge, no work has utilized multiscale feature extraction, specifically for diagnostic CA prediction. This paper presents a new framework that tackles these difficulties by utilizing multiscale feature aggregation via Independent Component Analysis (ICA).

Persistence of scrub typhus IgM and IgG antibodies among patients from Karnataka, India.

Background: The longevity of scrub typhus IgM and IgG are not clear. A region-specific diagnostic cut-off for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a necessity for improved diagnosis.

Objectives: To determine a region-specific optical density (OD) value cut-off for scrub typhus IgM and IgG ELISA and to study the persistence of these antibodies.

Bioformulation-Mediated Response of Kalmegh ( Wall. ex Nees, Family Acanthaceae) for Growth, Yield, and Quality.

A pot culture experiment with nine treatments and three separate replications was established in a completely randomized design (CRD). It was evaluated at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (Agricultural University) in Mohanpur, WB, India, for 2 years in a row from January to June in 2021 and 2022. The experiment comprising nine bioformulation treatments, namely, T: recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF, 20 t FYM + 75:75:50 kg NPK ha), T: farmyard manure (FYM) @ 20 t ha, T: T + 3% panchagavya, T: T + 6% panchagavya, T: T + 9% panchagavya, T: T + 5% jeevamrutha, T: T + 7.

Prevalence and epidemiological profile of pulmonary tuberculosis among elderly population residing in old age homes in Salem district, Tamilnadu.

Background: Tuberculosis mostly affects adults in their most productive years. However, all age groups are at risk. One of the high risk groups for tuberculosis is the elderly population due to factors like physiological ageing related changes, presence of comorbidities and immunodeficiency.

Posterior scalp block with bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine for pain management in posterior fossa surgeries: a prospective, double blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: Pain management in posterior fossa surgeries poses significant challenges, with opioid-based approaches causing unwanted side effects. This study evaluates the efficacy of posterior scalp block using bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine compared to skin infiltration for managing perioperative pain.

Methods: In this prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 34 adult patients undergoing elective posterior fossa surgeries were equally assigned to either posterior scalp block or skin infiltration groups.

A multi-objective optimization framework through genetic algorithm for hyperthermia-mediated drug delivery.

This study presents an approach to the multi-objective optimization of hyperthermia-mediated drug delivery using thermo-sensitive liposomes (TSLs) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The research focuses on addressing the non-optimal coupling methods that combine thermal treatments and chemotherapy by employing a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) optimization process, in order to identify the right combination of design variables to achieve better treatment outcomes. The proposed model integrates Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis using the Pennes' Bioheat equation for tissue heating and a convection-diffusion model for drug delivery.

Analysing space-time patterns of maternal mortality attributed to anaemia in Karnataka, India: a spatial epidemiological study.

Background: Maternal health is a globally important health challenge and is the key indicator of healthcare services in any given region. One of the main objectives of Sustainable Development Goal 3.1 is to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 1-lakh live births.