Evaluation of the Efficacy of Sildenafil Citrate Following Severe Head Trauma in an Experimental Rat Model.

Aim: To investigate the acute effects of sildenafil citrate in an experimental model of severe head trauma, and to compare it with the efficacy of mannitol, which is an osmotically active agent frequently used in clinical treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Material And Methods: Twenty-eight Wistar-derived albino strain female rats were randomized into four groups comprising seven rats each. These groups were designated as follows: Group I: sham; Group II: TBI; Group III: TBI + mannitol (20% 1 gr/ kg, intraperitoneal); and Group IV: TBI + sildenafil citrate (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal).

Stereological Evaluation of the Optic Nerve Volume in Alzheimer Disease.

Optic nerve damage occurs in Alzheimer disease (AD) related to the loss of the retinal ganglion cells that contribute fibers to the optic nerve and reduction of the density of axons of the optic nerve. In this study the authors evaluated optic nerve volume changes and the relation between the cerebrum and optic nerve volumes in AD patients. The study evaluated the volumetric measurements of optic nerve by applying the stereological method on magnetic resonance images (MRI).

Comparison of the Effects of 13-cis Retinoic Acid and Melatonin on the Viabilities of SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Line.

Objective: Neuroblastoma is one of common childhood tumors. Although its mortality is very high, there is no effective treatment yet. The aim of this project is to evaluate cytotoxic effects of melatonin (MLT) an endogen hormone and 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) also named as isotretinoin an analogue of vitamin A on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line.

Effect of ligamenta flava hypertrophy on lumbar disc herniation with contralateral symptoms and signs: a clinical and morphometric study.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine whether ligamentum flavum hypertrophy among disc herniated patients causes contralateral pain symptoms. For this reason we measured the thickness of the ligament in disc herniated patients with ipsilateral or contralateral symptoms.

Material And Methods: Two hundred disc herniated patients with ipsilateral symptoms as group I were compared with five disc herniated patients with only contralateral symptoms as group II.

Evaluation of cerebellar asymmetry in Alzheimer's disease: a stereological study.

Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and, as previous studies have indicated, degenerative changes in the cerebellum occur in AD. It is well known that the cerebellum does not have a symmetric morphology and some pathological disorders, such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism and alcoholism, can cause asymmetrical changes in the cerebellum. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether or not patients with AD show cerebellar asymmetry.

Stereological evaluation of the volume and volume fraction of intracranial structures in magnetic resonance images of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

In this study, we describe and adapt the relevant methods of magnetic resonance (MR) and stereology to estimate total brain volume (TBV), cerebral and cerebellar volume and their volume fractions within the brain. The study included 15 (8 males, 7 females) controls and 15 (8 males, 7 females) patients with Alzheimer's disease. The patients' MR images were obtained in both sagittal and axial planes.

The premasseteric branch of facial artery: its importance for craniofacial surgery.

Aim: The masseter muscle is often exploited by craniofacial surgeons in transposition operations to correct facial palsy, benign masseteric hypertrophy; or neurectomy-induced atrophy of the muscle. A clear understanding of the course of the premasseteric branch of the facial artery and its relations with adjacent structures is essential in maneuvering the masseter muscle safely. In the present study the premasseteric branch was analyzed in details.

Stereological evaluation of volumetric asymmetry in healthy human cerebellum.

Objectives: Age-related volumetric differences in brain anatomy or volumetric brain analyses in many disorders are of interest. Delineating the normal anatomical cerebellar volume is of importance for both the anatomists and clinicians. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the cerebellar volume using a stereological technique and to determine the possible volumetric asymmetry depending on age and gender.