An insight review on the neuropharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of mitragynine.

Mitragynine is one of the main psychoactive alkaloids in Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (kratom). It has opium-like effects by acting on μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors in the brain.

Ethanolic Extract of Protects Differentiated Human Neuroblastoma Cells (SH-SY5Y) against HO-Induced Oxidative Stress.

Neuronal models are an important tool in neuroscientific research. Hydrogen peroxide (HO), a major risk factor of neuronal oxidative stress, initiates a cascade of neuronal cell death. Huds, known as 'kesum', is widely used in traditional medicine.

Nutrient Deficiencies Impact on the Cellular and Metabolic Responses of Saxitoxin Producing : A Transcriptomic Perspective.

Dinoflagellate Halim is commonly associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs) in tropical marine waters due to its saxitoxin production. However, limited information is available regarding the cellular and metabolic changes of in nutrient-deficient environments. To fill this gap, our study aimed to investigate the transcriptomic responses of under nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency.

Oleic acid as potential immunostimulant in metabolism pathways of hybrid grouper fingerlings (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) infected with Vibrio vulnificus.

Grouper culture has been expanding in Malaysia due to the huge demand locally and globally. However, due to infectious diseases such as vibriosis, the fish mortality rate increased, which has affected the production of grouper. Therefore, this study focuses on the metabolic profiling of surviving infected grouper fed with different formulations of fatty acid diets that acted as immunostimulants for the fish to achieve desirable growth and health performance.

Flavonoids as Potential Wound-Healing Molecules: Emphasis on Pathways Perspective.

Wounds are considered to be a serious problem that affects the healthcare sector in many countries, primarily due to diabetes and obesity. Wounds become worse because of unhealthy lifestyles and habits. Wound healing is a complicated physiological process that is essential for restoring the epithelial barrier after an injury.

A comprehensive review of drying meat products and the associated effects and changes.

Preserving fresh food, such as meat, is significant in the effort of combating global food scarcity. Meat drying is a common way of preserving meat with a rich history in many cultures around the globe. In modern days, dried meat has become a well enjoyed food product in the market because of its long shelf-life, taste and health benefits.

A Comprehensive Review with Updated Future Perspectives on the Ethnomedicinal and Pharmacological Aspects of .

is an ancient remedy plant, known as the miraculous plant due to its many prominent uses and significant health benefits. It is a nutrient-rich plant, with exceptional bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols that possess several medicinal properties. Many significant studies have been carried out to evaluate the ethnomedicinal and pharmacological properties of in various applications.

sp. nov: A new bacterium isolated from the toxic diatom.

sp. nov strain P2D13-UKM is a new species of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from a toxic diatom, . It is a halophilic aerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, circular, and colonies with white colour.

A Review with Updated Perspectives on the Antiviral Potentials of Traditional Medicinal Plants and Their Prospects in Antiviral Therapy.

Exploration of the traditional medicinal plants is essential for drug discovery and development for various pharmacological targets. Various phytochemicals derived from medicinal plants were extensively studied for antiviral activity. This review aims to highlight the role of medicinal plants against viral infections that remains to be the leading cause of human death globally.

LC-qTOF-MS analysis of fish immune organs reveals the distribution of amino acids in response to metabolic adaptation of the survival phenotype in grouper against infection.

Unlabelled: is economically crucial to various Southeast Asia countries where they are reared in fish farms to meet the demand for supply. However, a systemic infectious disease known as vibriosis has steadily and extensively affected the fish farming industry. The disease is caused by spp.

Cymbidium Mosaic Virus Infecting Orchids: What, How, and What Next?

Context: Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) is one of the most devastating viruses causing losses in the orchid industry, affecting economies worth millions of US dollars. CymMV significantly affects the orchid population and could be controlled through an integrated management strategy consisting of virus detection, good sanitation care of gardeners and their tools, and maintaining virus-free explants.

Evidence Acquisition: This review was written based on research publications relevant to the CymMV infection in orchids.

Seafood Discards: A Potent Source of Enzymes and Biomacromolecules With Nutritional and Nutraceutical Significance.

In recent times, the seafood industry is found to produce large volumes of waste products comprising shrimp shells, fish bones, fins, skins, intestines, and carcasses, along with the voluminous quantity of wastewater effluents. These seafood industry effluents contain large quantities of lipids, amino acids, proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, minerals, and carotenoids mixed with the garbage. This debris not only causes a huge wastage of various nutrients but also roots in severe environmental contamination.

Omics Strategies in Current Advancements of Infectious Fish Disease Management.

Aquaculture is an important industry globally as it remains one of the significant alternatives of animal protein source supplies for humankind. Yet, the progression of this industry is being dampened by the increasing rate of fish mortality, mainly the outbreak of infectious diseases. Consequently, the regress in aquaculture ultimately results in the economy of multiple countries being affected due to the decline of product yields and marketability.

Insights into Nutrient Acquisition, Metabolism and Saxitoxin Biosynthesis through Comprehensive Transcriptome Survey.

The toxin-producing dinoflagellate is responsible for the outbreaks of harmful algae bloom (HABs). It is a widely distributed species and is responsible for producing paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. However, the information associated with the environmental adaptation pathway and toxin biosynthesis in this species is still lacking.

Effects of Mullite, Maghemite, and Silver Nanoparticles Incorporated in β-Wollastonite on Tensile Strength, Magnetism, Bioactivity, and Antimicrobial Activity.

β-wollastonite (βW) has sparked much interest in bone defect recovery and regeneration. Biomaterial-associated infections and reactions between implants with human cells have become a standard clinical concern. In this study, a green synthesized βW, synthesized from rice husk ash and a calcined limestone precursor, was incorporated with mullite, maghemite, and silver to produce β wollastonite composite (βWMAF) to enhance the tensile strength and antibacterial properties.

Pathogenic hitchhiker diversity on international ships' ballast water at West Malaysia port.

This study investigates bacterial diversity and potential pathogens in the international ships' ballast water at Tanjung Pelepas Port, Malaysia, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Thirty-four bacterial phylum, 305 families, 577 genera, and 941 species were detected in eight ballast water samples of different origins. The similarity of the bacterial composition between samples was found to be random and not tied to geographical locations.

Construction of Infectious Clones of Begomoviruses: Strategies, Techniques and Applications.

Begomovirus has become a potential threat to the agriculture sector. It causes significant losses to several economically important crops. Given this considerable loss, the development of tools to study viral genomes and function is needed.

Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of the First Complete Genome of Ricetungro spherical virus in Malaysia.

Background: Rice tungro disease (RTD) is a viral disease mainly affecting rice in Asia. RTD caused by and . To date, there are only 5 RTSV isolates have been reported.

Enhancing food waste biodegradation rate in a food waste biodigester with the synergistic action of hydrolase-producing GRA2 and TAP5 co-culture inoculation.

Food waste (FW) minimization at the source by using food waste biodigester (FWBs) has a vast potential to lower down the impact of increasing organic fraction in municipal solid waste generation. To this end, this research sought to check the performance of locally isolated hydrolase-producing bacteria (HPB) to improve food waste biodegradation rate. Two under-explored HPB identified as GRA2 and TAP5 were able to produce maximum amylase, cellulase, protease and lipase activities, and demonstrated a significant hydrolase synergy in co-culture fermentation.

Streamlining Natural Products Biomanufacturing With Omics and Machine Learning Driven Microbial Engineering.

Increasing demands for the supply of biopharmaceuticals have propelled the advancement of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies for biomanufacturing of bioactive natural products. Using metabolically engineered microbes as the bioproduction hosts, a variety of natural products including terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, and cannabinoids have been synthesized through the construction and expression of known and newly found biosynthetic genes primarily from model and non-model plants. The employment of omics technology and machine learning (ML) platforms as high throughput analytical tools has been increasingly leveraged in promoting data-guided optimization of targeted biosynthetic pathways and enhancement of the microbial production capacity, thereby representing a critical debottlenecking approach in improving and streamlining natural products biomanufacturing.

Stingless Bee Honey: Evaluating Its Antibacterial Activity and Bacterial Diversity.

Stingless bee honey (SBH) is an astounding 'miracle liquid' with countless medicinal properties for various diseases such as gastroenteritis, cataracts, as well as for wound-healing. However, knowledge regarding it is still rather scarce. Henceforth, it is intriguing for us to contemplate on the less-studied stingless bee and its honey in particular.

Application of Reverse Genetics in Functional Genomics of Potyvirus.

Numerous potyvirus studies, including virus biology, transmission, viral protein function, as well as virus-host interaction, have greatly benefited from the utilization of reverse genetic techniques. Reverse genetics of RNA viruses refers to the manipulation of viral genomes, transfection of the modified cDNAs into cells, and the production of live infectious progenies, either wild-type or mutated. Reverse genetic technology provides an opportunity of developing potyviruses into vectors for improving agronomic traits in plants, as a reporter system for tracking virus infection in hosts or a production system for target proteins.