Hormones can influence drug addiction-A narrative review.

Drug addiction is a dangerous condition that is the concern of human societies. Nevertheless, several issues exist ahead of people with a drug use disorder during addiction. Accordingly, various types of studies have been conducted to understand better the problems that people with a drug use disorder encountered.

Reduction of anxiety level is associated with an oxidative-stress imbalance in the hippocampus in morphine administration period in male rats.

Hippocampus is a region of the brain that is famous for its role in memory. However recently it has been given great importance for a region that regulates emotion and anxiety. Alternation of anxiety level has been observed in drug abusers as a comorbid disorder.

Prostaglandins as the Agents That Modulate the Course of Brain Disorders.

Neurologic and neuropsychiatric diseases are associated with great morbidity and mortality. Prostaglandins (PGs) are formed by sequential oxygenation of arachidonic acid in physiologic and pathologic conditions. For the production of PGs cyclooxygenase is a necessary enzyme that has two isoforms, that are named COX-1 and COX-2.

Paradoxical regulation of iron in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex induces schizophrenic-like symptoms in male rats.

Social isolation induces schizophrenic-like symptoms. Iron is an essential element for brain functions. The aim of this study is to investigate if the emergence of schizophrenia after social isolation is the result of impaired iron metabolism in the hippocampus and in the prefrontal cortex.

Modulation of catalase, copper and zinc in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex in social isolation-induced depression in male rats.

Depression is a chronic illness of unknown etiology. Trace elements, such as copper and zinc, and defense antioxidants, such as catalase, are important factors that determine the clinical course of brain diseases. Furthermore, altered glucose metabolism in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex has been associated with depression.

Deficit in Memory Is Associated with Paradoxical Regulation of Magnesium and Manganese in Isolated Male Rats.

Background: Magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) play an important role in brain development and glutathione, the master antioxidant in the brain, is necessary for the cognitive function. This study is aimed at determining the effect of magnesium and manganese concentrations in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex on the glutathione function. The reduction in glutathione leads to memory impairment in -Y-maze in the isolation period.

Social Isolation Rearing Induces Neuropsychiatric Diseases: Updated Overview.

Neuropsychiatric and neurologic diseases cause a great burden for individuals, families, and societies. Social isolation rearing can trigger a variety of psychiatric diseases. New advances suggest that epigenetic factors along with other neurochemical changes can be an important topic in neuropsychiatric diseases.

Assessment of Improvement in Oxidative Stress Indices with Resocialization in Memory Retrieval in Y-Maze in Male Rats.

Introduction: Memory deficit is an important issue in some psychiatric diseases either as a primary symptom or as a comorbid symptom. Factors that determine the decline or improvement of memory are an important subject to reduce the severity of these diseases.

Methods And Materials: In this study, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups: social (control), isolation, resocialization for 3 days, and resocialization for 7 days.

Co-Administration of Progesterone and Melatonin Attenuates Ischemia-Induced Hippocampal Damage in Rats.

Stroke is the second leading reason for death worldwide and is one of the fundamental causes of long-term disabilities. The aim of this investigation was to assess the impact of combined administration progesterone (PROG) and melatonin (MEL) on stroke complications. Male Wistar rats (9-10 weeks) weighing 250-300 g were used as a part of this examination.

Overview of the Recent Advances in Pathophysiology and Treatment for Autism.

Background & Objective: Autism is a developmental disorder that manifests itself in early childhood. Autism is characterized by inability to acquire social skills, repetitive behaviors and failure of speech and nonverbal communication development. Recent studies have shown that genetic mutations occur in majority of individuals with autism.

Socialization Alleviates Burden of Oxidative-Stress in Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex in Morphine Addiction Period in Male Rats.

Introduction: Addiction is a compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior. Reduction of high-risk behaviors can reduce the burden of addiction in society and can improve the overall prognosis of drug addiction. The aim of this study is to show that reduction of oxidative stress with socialization will reduce occurrence of high-risk behavior during addiction period.

Synergistic Effects of Social Isolation and Morphine Addiction on Reduced Neurogenesis and BDNF Levels and the Resultant Deficits in Cognition and Emotional State in Male Rats.

Introduction: Addiction to drugs of abuse is a devastating condition which results in deterioration of brain function. On the other hand, social isolation also produces cognitive deficits such as learning and memory impairment. This study was designed to evaluate the potential negative synergistic effects of social isolation and morphine addiction on brain functions.