Development of a robust TaqMan probe-based one-step multiplex RT-qPCR for simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A/B viruses.

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the simultaneous detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Influenza A, and Influenza B viruses is essential for rapid differential diagnosis in patients with similar symptoms, especially during "flu season" in the post-pandemic era. So far, several multiplex methods have been approved for the simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A, and Influenza B. However, due to the rapid mutation rate of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and the emergence of new variants, existing methods must be improved and updated.

Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants: diagnosis and vaccination challenges.

SARS-CoV-2 put a heavy financial burden on the healthcare system, with millions of laboratory-confirmed cases and deaths worldwide in the last 2 years. During the seventh wave of this pandemic, the continuously evolving nature of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in the emergence of new variants that harbor different mutations. Mutations are associated with changes in the virus behavior, including increased transmissibility, increased virulence, and evasion of neutralizing antibodies.

Designing a Multi-epitope Vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 Variant based on an Immunoinformatics Approach.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a life-threatening virus in the world. Scientific evidence indicates that this pathogen will emerge again in the future. Although the current vaccines have a pivotal role in the control of this pathogen, the emergence of new variants has a negative impact on their effectiveness.

Features of Pathobiology and Clinical Translation of Approved Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently the most important etiological agent of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with millions of infections and deaths in the last 2 years worldwide. Several reasons and parameters are responsible for the difficult management of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients; the first is virus behavioral factors such as high transmission rate, and the different molecular and cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis remain a matter of controversy, which is another factor.

Summary: In the present review, we attempted to explain about features of SARS-COV-2, particularly focusing on the various aspects of pathogenesis and treatment strategies.

Challenges of diagnosis of COVID-19 in trauma patients: A case series.

Background: Diagnosis of COVID-19 can be challenging in trauma patients, especially those with chest trauma and lung contusion.

Methods: We present a case series of patients from February and March 2020 who were admitted to our trauma center at Rajaee Hospital Trauma Center, in Shiraz, Iran and had positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test or chest CT scan suggestive of COVID-19 and were admitted to the specific ICU for COVID-19.

Results: Eight COVID-19 patients (6 male) with mean age of 40 (SD = 16.

Trimetazidine reduces contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing coronary angiography and angioplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA).

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the utility of trimetazidine (TMZ) to prevent contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing coronary angiography and angioplasty.

Materials And Methods: This meta-analysis was formulated and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A search of databases was conducted by 2 researchers independently for clinical trials, comparing hydration plus TMZ vs conventional hydration alone for prevention of CIN through January 2020.

Kissing tumors; the concurrent diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Background: Esophageal leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare tumor that constitutes less than 1% of all malignant esophageal tumors. Concurrent occurrence of esophageal leiomyosarcoma with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is even rarer than isolated leiomyosarcoma.

Case Presentation: In this report, we present a case of concurrent leiomyosarcoma and SCC in a 64-year-old woman presenting with vomiting and solid dysphagia, which has not been properly diagnosed following several referrals and diagnostic modalities.

Comparing the effect of dexmedetomidine and labetalol on hemodynamic variables in patients undergoing microlaryngoscopy.

Introduction: This study was conducted to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine and labetalol on hemodynamic variables in patients undergoing microlaryngoscopy.

Material And Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study 70 patients undergoing microlaryngoscopy were involved. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups.

Comparison of the impact of applications of Targeted Transfusion Protocol and Massive Transfusion Protocol in trauma patients.

Background: The current study assessed a recently developed resuscitation protocol for bleeding trauma patients called the Targeted Transfusion Protocol (TTP) and compared its results with those of the standard Massive Transfusion Protocol (MTP).

Methods: Per capita utilization of blood products such as packed red blood cells (RBCs), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and platelet concentrates was compared along with mortality rates during two 6-month periods, one in 2011 (when the standard MTP was followed) and another in 2014 (when the TTP was used). In the TTP, patients were categorized into three groups based on the presence of head injuries, long bone fractures, or penetrating injuries involving the trunk, extremities, or neck who were resuscitated according to separate algorithms.

Time distribution of injury-related in-hospital mortality in a trauma referral center in South of Iran (2010-2015).

In Iran, there are no studies addressing trauma death timing and factors affecting time of death after injuries. This study aimed to examine time distribution of trauma deaths in an urban major trauma referral center with respect to victims' injury characteristics during 2010 to 2015.This was a cross-sectional study of adult trauma-related in-hospital deaths resulting from traffic-related accidents, falls, and violence-related injuries.

Recovery from Coma Post-Cardiac Arrest Is Dependent on the Orexin Pathway.

Cardiac arrest (CA) affects >550,000 people annually in the United States whereas 80-90% of survivors suffer from a comatose state. Arousal from coma is critical for recovery, but mechanisms of arousal are undefined. Orexin-A, a hypothalamic excitatory neuropeptide, has been linked to arousal deficits in various brain injuries.

Potential Risk Factors of Death in Multiple Trauma Patients.

Introduction: rauma has been recognized as one of the leading causes of death in many countries for decades. Reduction in mortality and morbidity rate of trauma cases is one of the most important attitudes in this field. Evaluation of different risk factors have been considered as the main goal of some studies.

Types and causalities in dead patients due to traumatic injuries.

Background: Trauma constitutes a major public health problem in our country and contributes significantly to unacceptably high morbidity and mortality.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of trauma in dead patients referred to Shahid Rajaee Trauma Hospital, Shiraz, Iran.

Patients And Methods: In a cross-sectional study, all patients with trauma admitted to our center were enrolled between March 2011 and February 2012.

Clinical and economic effects of selective radiological evaluation of high-energy trauma patients: a prospective experience of a level 1 busy trauma centre.

Introduction: Cervical spine, thoracic and pelvic fractures are the main causes of devastation in patients who have suffered blunt trauma. Radiographic imaging plays an important role in diagnosing such injuries. Nevertheless, the present dominant approach, the routine use of X-ray studies, seems to have no cost-benefit justification for healthcare systems.

Perihepatic Packing versus Primary Surgical Repair in Patients with Blunt Liver Trauma; an 8-year Experience.

Objective: To explore the pros and cons of early versus delayed intervention when dealing with severe blunt liver injury with significant hemoperitoneum and hemodynamic instability.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed at the Nemazi hospital, Shiraz, Southern Iran, level I trauma Center affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The study population comprised of all patients who were operated with the impression of blunt abdominal trauma and confirmed diagnosis of liver trauma during an 8-year period.

Outcome of Patients Underwent Emergency Department Thoracotomy and Its Predictive Factors.

Introduction: Emergency department thoracotomy (EDT) may serve as the last survival chance for patients who arrive at hospital in extremis. It is considered as an effective tool for improvement of traumatic patients' outcome. The present study was done with the goal of assessing the outcome of patients who underwent EDT and its predictive factors.

Accuracy of Surgeon's Intraoperation Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis, Compared with the Histopathology Results.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of surgeons' intraoperative diagnosis in open appendectomy and compare it with the histopathology examination results afterwards.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study accomplished in Namazee hospital affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, in a one-year period from 2007 to 2008. Medical charts of all the patients who were admitted with impression of acute appendicitis and underwent open appendectomy in our center were included.

Comparison of Knifelight Surgery versus Conventional Open Surgery in the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Background: A variety of surgical treatment methods for carpal tunnel syndrome are introduced recently, including open surgery, endoscopic and the Knifelight. It is hypothesized that Knifelight method could decrease scar tenderness and time before return to daily activities for patients and is accompanied with less disturbance to fine sensory nerves.

Objectives: To compare the Knifelight instrument and open carpal tunnel release with respect to scar length, operation duration, recovery time needed before return to work and amount of pain three weeks after surgery in patients with neurophysiologically confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome.

Using TOSCE (Team Objective Structured Clinical Examination) in the second national medical sciences olympiad in Iran.

Introduction: Second National Medical Sciences Olympiad was done in Shiraz in August 2010 with aim of indentifying scientifically talented individuals, motivating students and orienting extracurricular activities. This Olympiad was done in 3 areas, basic sciences, clinical sciences and management. In clinical sciences, we used TOSCE (Team Objective Structured Clinical Examination).

Comparison of vitamin D3 serum levels in new diagnosed patients with multiple sclerosis versus their healthy relatives.

Multiple risk factors are introduced for Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Recent studies have suggested a possible correlation between vitamin D deficiency and an increase risk of MS. This study was therefore undertaken to compare vitamin D levels in new cases of MS and their relatives as healthy controls.

Comparison of two doses of tranexamic acid on bleeding and surgery site quality during sinus endoscopy surgery.

Background: One of the main concerns in sinus surgery is blood loss due to the high vasculature of the mucosa. Tranexamic acid (TA) is an antifibrinolytic agent which reduces bleeding following certain surgical procedures.

Material And Methods: This randomized double-blinded clinical trial was performed on 70 patients with class I and II ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) who were scheduled for endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia.

Evaluation of the risk factors of pilonidal sinus: a single center experience.

Background/aims: We aimed to evaluate which factors, if prevented, could facilitate a decrease in the rate of pilonidal sinus.

Materials And Methods: From November 2008 to 2010, all patients referred to the surgery clinic were examined by the general surgery attending physician. Patients with a diagnosis of pilonidal sinus were considered as the trial group.

Role of routine pelvic radiography in initial evaluation of stable, high-energy, blunt trauma patients.

Background: Pelvic fractures are among the most devastating traumatic injuries accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rate leading to catastrophic outcomes and haemodynamic consequences. Although Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) recommends performing pelvic radiography in all major blunt trauma patients, several lines of evidence recommend that it can be limited to those blunt trauma patients who are haemodynamically unstable or have positive pelvic physical examination. Thus, we performed this study in order to evaluate the efficacy of routine pelvic radiography in haemodynamically stable, high-energy, blunt trauma patients.

Effect of pirfenidone on pulmonary fibrosis due to paraquat poisoning in rats.

Background: This study investigated the effectiveness of pirfenidone compared with antioxidants, in the prevention of pulmonary fibrosis and increasing the survival in acutely paraquat poisoned rats.

Methods: Five groups of ten rats were included in this study. Three groups were poisoned with intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg paraquat.