Generation of Murine Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells for In Vivo Studies in Syngeneic Tumor Models.

CAR-T cell therapy has emerged as a potent and effective tool in the immunotherapy of refractory cancers. However, challenges exist in their clinical application, necessitating extensive preclinical research to optimize their function. Various preclinical in vitro and in vivo models have been proposed for such purpose; among which immunocompetent mouse models serve as an invaluable tool in studying host immune interactions within a more realistic simulation of the tumor milieu.

Simultaneous targeting of Tim3 and A2a receptors modulates MSLN-CAR T cell antitumor function in a human cervical tumor xenograft model.

Introduction: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has transformed the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, its efficacy in solid tumors is limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that compromises CAR T cell antitumor function in clinical settings. To overcome this challenge, researchers have investigated the potential of inhibiting specific immune checkpoint receptors, including A2aR (Adenosine A2 Receptor) and Tim3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3), to enhance CAR T cell function.

Exploring the Effectiveness of Ajwain Cream in Treating Taxane-induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Cancer Patients: A Pilot, Randomised and Double-blind Clinical Trial.

Objectives: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common disorder among cancer patients receiving various chemotherapeutic protocols. The present study aimed to explore the feasibility of ajwain ( [L.] Sprague) cream in treating peripheral neuropathy symptoms triggered by taxane chemotherapeutic agents.

PX-478, an HIF-1α inhibitor, impairs mesoCAR T cell antitumor function in cervical cancer.

Introduction: Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable success in treating hematological malignancies. However, its efficacy against solid tumors, including cervical cancer, remains a challenge. Hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor microenvironment, profoundly impacts CAR T cell function, emphasizing the need to explore strategies targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α).

Retraction notice to "The therapeutic potential of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells producing CXCL10 in a mouse melanoma lung metastasis model" [Cancer Lett. 419 (2018) 30-39].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).

Bcl-2 expression in cell lines breast cancer and death program.

Breast cancer is a hormone-dependence and heterogenic disease. Drug resistance is the main reason for the failure of breast cancer treatment. Combinatory medications are methods for treatment but they are not sufficient in action.

Sexual function index adaptation for breast cancer patients (FSFI-BC)- translation and psychometric properties of Persian version.

Background: Effective interventions to improve sexual dysfunction in breast cancer survivors need screening of these dysfunctions with a suitable instrument. The aim of present study was translation and identifying psychometric properties of Female Sexual Function Index - Adapted for Breast Cancer (FSFI-BC) which has been specifically developed for breast cancer survivors.

Method: This methodological study was performed between February 2017 and October 2018.

Effect of Honey-Lime Spray as Add-On Therapy on Chemotherapy-Induced Xerostomia in Breast Cancer Patients: A Pilot Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Xerostomia (dry mouth) is a common side effect among patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. There is no standard treatment for this symptom yet, although Persian medicine textbooks suggested some products to relieve xerostomia. We aimed to assess the efficacy of honey-lime spray in treating chemotherapy-induced xerostomia in breast cancer patients through a controlled study.

Molecular Characteristics of TYK2 Gene Expressions in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

Background: TYK2 is a member of the JAK family and is known to mediate signals of multiple cytokines that play a crucial role in immune and inflammatory signaling. Activation of TYK2 in tumor cells has been linked to promote cell survival, growth, and invasion. This study aimed to investigate the expression of tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and adjacent control tissues.

Applications of single-cell omics for chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a promising cancer treatment modality. The breakthroughs in CAR T cell therapy were, in part, possible with the help of cell analysis methods, such as single-cell analysis. Bulk analyses have provided invaluable information regarding the complex molecular dynamics of CAR T cells, but their results are an average of thousands of signals in CAR T or tumour cells.

Outsmarting trogocytosis to boost CAR NK/T cell therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK and T cell therapy are promising immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer. However, the efficacy of CAR NK/T cell therapy is often hindered by various factors, including the phenomenon of trogocytosis, which involves the bidirectional exchange of membrane fragments between cells. In this review, we explore the role of trogocytosis in CAR NK/T cell therapy and highlight potential strategies for its modulation to improve therapeutic efficacy.

Crosstalk between autophagy and metabolic regulation of (CAR) T cells: therapeutic implications.

Despite chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy's extraordinary success in subsets of B-cell lymphoma and leukemia, various barriers restrict its application in solid tumors. This has prompted investigating new approaches for producing CAR T cells with superior therapeutic potential. Emerging insights into the barriers to CAR T cell clinical success indicate that autophagy shapes the immune response via reprogramming cellular metabolism and vice versa.

PGE2-EP2/EP4 signaling elicits mesoCAR T cell immunosuppression in pancreatic cancer.

Introduction: For many years, surgery, adjuvant and combination chemotherapy have been the cornerstone of pancreatic cancer treatment. Although these approaches have improved patient survival, relapse remains a common occurrence, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. CAR T cell therapies are now showing tremendous success in hematological cancers.

The inhibitory receptors PD1, Tim3, and A2aR are highly expressed during mesoCAR T cell manufacturing in advanced human epithelial ovarian cancer.

Background: Chemotherapy and surgery have been the mainstays of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) treatment so far. Cellular immunotherapies such as CAR T cell therapy have recently given hope of a cure for solid tumors like EOC. However, extrinsic factors associated with the CAR T cell manufacturing process and/or intrinsic dysregulation of patient-derived T cells, which could be associated with cancer itself, cancer stage, and treatment regimen, may hamper the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy and promote their exhaustion or dysfunction.

MicroRNA-124 Enhances T Cells Functions by Manipulating the Lactic Acid Metabolism of Tumor Cells.

High production of lactic acid is a common feature of various tumors. Lactic acid is an immunosuppressive molecule with crucial roles in tumor cells' immune escape, which could largely be attributed to its negative effects on the T cells present in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Strategies that decrease the glycolysis rate of tumor cells could enhance immunosurveillance and limit tumor growth.

Soluble and Immobilized Anti-CD3/28 Distinctively Expand and Differentiate Primary Human T Cells: An Implication for Adoptive T Cell Therapy.

Cell-based cancer therapies have led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of patients with various cancers. To date, a vast majority of cancer immunotherapies have used genetically engineered T cells to target tumors. Stimulation and ex vivo expansion of T cells, as one of the crucial starting materials for T cell manufacturing, have always been a critical part of adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT).

Postoperative cosmetic outcome of intraoperative radiotherapy in comparison to whole breast radiotherapy in early stage breast cancer; a retrospective cohort study.

Background: In this study, we aim to evaluate the cosmetic outcome differences between Intraoperative electron beam radiation therapy (IOERT) and whole breast radiotherapy (WBR) with further investigation of boosted IOERT.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in two referral centers in Tehran, Iran. 116 women aged 30 to 79 with early-stage breast cancer (T0-2N0-1M0) eligible for breast conservation were divided into two groups of 58 based on the intervention they received, and further subgroups were defined based on receiving boosted IOERT.

Metabolic and epigenetic orchestration of (CAR) T cell fate and function.

Longevity, functionality, and metabolic fitness are key determinants of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell efficacy. Activated T cells follow an ordered differentiation program which is facilitated by metabolic adaptations. In response to antigen, T cells undergo a highly-regulated shift to glycolysis.

Comparing Dermolina-Henna Cream with Mometasone Cream in Improving Radiodermatitis Among Patients with Breast Cancer: A Randomized Active-Control Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Radiotherapy is one of the treatments used for different types of cancer. Acute radiodermatitis is one of its most common complications. Despite the high prevalence of radiodermatitis, few studies investigated how to prevent or treat this complication.

Association between serum Vitamin D levels and prognostic factors in nonmetastatic breast cancer patients.

Background: Breast cancer is among the most common malignancies in women around the world. There is evidence of high prevalence of serum/blood Vitamin D deficiency in Iranian women. Considering the multitude of factors that may be involved in the prognosis and lifespan of breast cancer patients, this study investigated the level of Vitamin D in Iranian patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer.

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis presenting clinically as bullous pyoderma gangrenosum following leucovorin, fluorouracil and oxaliplatin chemotherapy: a rare case report and literature review.

There are no published cases about bullous pyoderma gangrenosum induced by leucovorin, fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) chemotherapy. With the increasing incidence of gastric and colorectal cancers and the increased usage of targeted therapies, some cutaneous adverse effects may become common. An 84-year-old male presented to our clinic with multiple ulcerative plaques covered with hemorrhagic crusts on both extremities after several FOLFOX chemotherapy sessions for gastric cancer and liver metastasis.

Effects of Guideline-based Computerized Provider Order Entry Systems on the Chemotherapy Order Process: a Systematic Review.

Background: Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) systems developed based on clinical guidelines are believed to greatly reduce chemotherapy medication prescription errors.

Objective: The present study reviewed the effects of guideline-based CPOEs on the chemotherapy order process.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore databases published up to 1 June 2020 were systematically searched for studies investigating the effect of guideline-based CPOEs on the chemotherapy order process.

Restricting tumor lactic acid metabolism using dichloroacetate improves T cell functions.

Background: Lactic acid produced by tumors has been shown to overcome immune surveillance, by suppressing the activation and function of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. The strategies employed to impair tumor cell glycolysis could improve immunosurveillance and tumor growth regulation. Dichloroacetate (DCA) limits the tumor-derived lactic acid by altering the cancer cell metabolism.

Genetic Modification of Cytokine Signaling to Enhance Efficacy of CAR T Cell Therapy in Solid Tumors.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown unprecedented success in treating advanced hematological malignancies. Its effectiveness in solid tumors has been limited due to heterogeneous antigen expression, a suppressive tumor microenvironment, suboptimal trafficking to the tumor site and poor CAR T cell persistence. Several approaches have been developed to overcome these obstacles through various strategies including the genetic engineering of CAR T cells to blunt the signaling of immune inhibitory receptors as well as to modulate signaling of cytokine/chemokine molecules and their receptors.