An immobilization of 2-(Aminomethyl) thiazole on multi-walled carbon nanotubes used for rapid extraction of manganese ions in hepatic patients.

A new method based on the immobilization of 2-(Aminomethyl) thiazole on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AMTZ@MWCNTs) was used to extract manganese (Mn) in the human blood, serum, and urine samples. First, 20 mg of AMTZ@MWCNTs, 0.2 mL of acetone, and 0.

Rapid extraction of BTEX in water and milk samples based on functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes by dispersive homogenized-micro-solid phase extraction.

An advanced synthesis based on the phenylalanine (Phe) and task-specific ionic liquid (TSIL) functionalized on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Phe/TSIL@MWCNTs), was used to extract benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene (BTEX) from cow's milk, powdered milk, and farm water samples. The BTEX was efficiently extracted by ultrasound-assisted dispersive homogenized-micro-solid phase extraction (USA-DH-µ-SPE) between 95.1% and 103.

An immobilization of aminopropyl trimethoxysilane-phenanthrene carbaldehyde on graphene oxide for toluene extraction and separation in water samples.

A new functionalized Nano graphene with aminopropyl trimethoxysilane-phenanthrene-4-carbaldehyde (NGO@APTMS-PNTCA) as a novel adsorbent was used to extract toluene from water samples by the ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction procedure (USA-D-SPME). So, 50 mg of NGO@APTMS-PNTCA adsorbent was added to water samples and sonicated for 20 min. After toluene extraction, the NGO@APTMS-PNTCA adsorbent separated from the liquid phase with a Whatman membrane filter (200 nm).

Simultaneously speciation of mercury in water, human blood and food samples based on pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen doped porous graphene nanostructure.

A rapid and efficient method based on a novel nitrogen-doped porous graphene nanostructure (NDPG) was used for the speciation of mercury in water and human blood samples by the CV-AAS. The mixture of the NDPG, ionic liquid, and acetone was rapidly injected into the human blood, water, and food samples for mercury separation by the cloud point assisted dispersive ionic liquid-micro solid-phase extraction (CPA-DIL-μ-SPE) at pH 7.5.

Thiol modified bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles for removal and determination toxic vanadium from air and human biological samples in petrochemical workers.

Investigation of exposure to toxic vanadium (V) in petrochemical workers is very important for human health, and it must be removed and determined in workplace air and human biological samples. In this research, the enriched adsorbent based on the thiol modified bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticle (HS-UVM) was used for the extraction vanadium in human blood by the dispersive sonication ionic liquid micro solid phase extraction (DS-IL-μ-SPE) at pH of 4.5.

Simultaneously speciation and determination of manganese (II) and (VII) ions in water, food, and vegetable samples based on immobilization of N-acetylcysteine on multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

A novel method based on the immobilization of N-acetylcysteine on chloro-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs@NAC) was used for the speciation of manganese ions [Mn (II) and Mn(VII)] in water samples. Also, the total manganese (TMn) in vegetables and food samples was determined by the AT-FAAS. By ultrasound-assisted-dispersive ionic liquid trap micro solid-phase extraction (UA-DILT-μ-SPE), the Mn (II)/Mn(VII) ions were extracted in the presence of MWCNTs@NAC for 50 mL of water samples at a pH of 6.

Nanographene oxide modified phenyl methanethiol nanomagnetic composite for rapid separation of aluminum in wastewaters, foods, and vegetable samples by microwave dispersive magnetic micro solid-phase extraction.

A new method based on graphene oxide modified (4-phenyl) methanethiol nanomagnetic composite (FeO@4-PhMT-GO) was used for extraction and separation of aluminum from wastewater, food, and vegetable samples in aluminum cookware by microwave dispersive magnetic micro solid-phase extraction (MDM-μ-SPE). In optimized conditions, the working range (WR), the linear range (LR), the limit of detection (LOD), and enrichment factor (EF) were obtained 5-5200 μg L, 5-1600 μg L, 1.5 µg L, and 48.

Rapid Speciation of Lead in Human Blood and Urine Samples Based on MWCNTs@DMP by Dispersive Ionic Liquid-Suspension-Micro-Solid Phase Extraction.

An efficient sorbent based on 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol immobilized on multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs@DMP) was developed for separation/speciation of organic and inorganic lead (alkyl-Pb, Pb) in human blood, urine, and water samples by dispersive ionic liquid-suspension-micro-solid phase extraction (DIL-S-μ-SPE). By procedure, the MWCNTs@DMP as solid phase, acetone, and ionic liquid (IL, [HMIM][PF]) were mixed and injected to 10 mL of the liquid phase at pH = 6.5.

Speciation of cadmium in human blood samples based on FeO-supported naphthalene-1-thiol- functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite by ultrasound-assisted dispersive magnetic micro solid phase extraction.

Cadmium (Cd) has toxic effect in human body and exists as the inorganic (Cd) and organic (R-Cd) forms in human biological matrix. Due to cadmium toxicity in various forms, the speciation of cadmium in human blood samples is very important. In this study, the FeO-supported naphthalene-1-thiol- functionalized graphene oxide (FeO@NpSH-GO, NMNT-GO) as a novel nanomagnetic composite was used for cadmium speciation in blood samples by ultrasound-assisted dispersive magnetic micro solid phase extraction (USA-DM-μ-SPE).

Neuropsychological effects of long-term occupational exposure to mercury among chloralkali workers.

Background: Mercury is one of the most well-known toxic metals for humans. Chloralkali workers are exposed to mercury vapours extensively, which may be associated with neurotoxicity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the associations between mercury concentration in blood and air samples, and mercury's neuropsychological effects among chloralkali workers.

A novel method based on functionalized bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles for efficient removal of lead aerosols pollution from air by solid-liquid gas-phase extraction.

In this study, the enrichment and novel sorbent based on functionalized bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HS-UVM and NH-UVM) was used for removal of lead aerosols pollution from air by solid liquid gas phase extraction method (SLGPE). In bench scale set up, the lead aerosols [(Pb (NO), PbO] was generated by dispersive aerosols generator system (DAGS) and removed from air by reaction loop (RL) / impinger trap (IT) in a liquid phase which was mixed with nano adsorbent in optimized pH. The effect of parameters such as, flow rate, volume of liquid phase, time stirring, temperature, concentration, pH and amount of sorbent (mg) were studied and evaluated by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).

Is There Any Relevance Between Serum Heavy Metal Concentration and BBB Leakage in Multiple Sclerosis Patients?

Sharp increase in multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence rate has been observed in Iranian people. In addition, it has been suggested that increased S100B level may be useful as an indicative factor of blood-brain barrier disruption. The propose of this study was to measuring blood arsenic, lead, and cadmium concentration and serum S100B concentration in a group of healthy and multiple sclerosis patients in Tehran as the most polluted city in Iran.

A lead analysis based on amine functionalized bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles in human biological samples by ultrasound assisted-ionic liquid trap-micro solid phase extraction.

A simple and applied method based on ultrasound assisted-Ionic liquid trap-micro solid phase extraction (USA-ILT-μSPE) was demonstrated for preconcentration/separation of lead (Pb) in human blood and urine samples. By proposed method, the amine-functionalized bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NH-UVM) as solid phase sorbent was used for lead analysis in human biological samples at pH ≈ 7.0.

Correlation between heavy metal exposure and GSTM1 polymorphism in Iranian multiple sclerosis patients.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Various exposures to heavy metals can lead to toxicity and oxidative stress. While glutathione-S-transferases are known as oxidative stress-related genes and involved in metal biotransformation.

Blood Concentrations of Cadmium and Lead in Multiple Sclerosis Patients from Iran.

Since industrial revolution heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) have been extensively dispersed in environment which, unknown biological effects and prolong biological half-life make them as a major hazard to human health. In addition, the sharp increase in Multiple sclerosis incidence rateshas been recorded in Iran. The propose of this study was to measuring blood lead and cadmium concentration and their correlation with smoking habit in a group of 69 RRMS patients and 74 age/gender-matched healthy individuals resident in Tehran as most polluted city in Iran.

Stirring-controlled solidified floating solid-liquid drop microextraction as a new solid phase-enhanced liquid-phase microextraction method by exploiting magnetic carbon nanotube-nickel hybrid.

A specific technique is introduced to overcome limitations of classical solidification of floating organic drop microextraction, such as tedious and time-consuming centrifuge step and using disperser solvent, by facile and efficient participation of solid and liquid phases. In this proposed method of stirring-controlled solidified floating solid-liquid drop microextraction (SC-SF-SLDME), magnetic carbon nanotube-nickel hybrid (MNi-CNT) as a solid part of the extractors are dispersed ultrasonically in sample solution, and the procedure followed by dispersion of liquid phase (1-undecanol) through high-rate stirring and easily recollection of MNi-CNT in organic solvent droplets through hydrophobic force. With the reduction in speed of stirring, one solid-liquid drop is formed on top of the solution.

Graphene-silica hybrid in efficient preconcentration of heavy metal ions via novel single-step method of moderate centrifugation-assisted dispersive micro solid phase extraction.

Novel nanoadsorbent of graphene-silica hybrid was synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Graphene sheets were catalytically grown on a silica-based substrate and after being characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), their high efficacy in adsorption of metal ions (lead, cadmium, and chromium) was examined. It was found that the presence of silica within the G-SiO2 structure imparts an amphiphilic property to the hybrid that enables it to interact with both free and bounded metal ions present in the biological samples.

Innovative separation and preconcentration technique of coagulating homogenous dispersive micro solid phase extraction exploiting graphene oxide nanosheets.

A uniquely novel, fast, and facile technique is introduced for the first time in which a scant amount of graphene oxide (GO), without modification, has been utilized in dispersive mode of solid phase extraction (SPE) for an efficient yet simple separation. The proposed method of coagulating homogenous dispersive micro solid phase extraction (CHD-µSPE) is based on coagulation of homogeneous GO solution with the aid of polyetheneimine (PEI). CHD-µSPE use full adsorption capacity of GO because in this method was used GO solution obtained from synthesis process without drying step and stacking nanosheets.

Chromium speciation in human blood samples based on acetyl cysteine by dispersive liquid-liquid biomicroextraction and in-vitro evaluation of acetyl cysteine/cysteine for decreasing of hexavalent chromium concentration.

A rapid and efficient method based on ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid biomicroextraction (IL-DLLBME) was used for speciation and preconcentration of Chromium (III, VI) in human blood samples before determination by electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrometer (ET-AAS). In this method, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as a ionic liquid was dissolved in acetone as a dispersant solvent and then the binary solution was rapidly injected by a syringe into the blood samples containing Cr(III), which have already complexed by acetyl cysteine (NAC) at optimized pH. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range (LR), limit of detection (LOD) and preconcentration factor (PF) were obtained 0.

Relations of biomarkers of manganese exposure and neuropsychological effects among welders and ferroalloy smelters.

The objective of present study was to assess relationship between biomarkers of Manganese (Mn) and neuropsychological effects. The study was carried out on 27 welders and 31 ferroalloy smelters as Mn-exposed groups and 30 office workers as unexposed controls. Air Mn concentrations were determined according to NIOSH method 7300.

Occupational Exposure to Mercury: Air Exposure Assessment and Biological Monitoring based on Dispersive Ionic Liquid-Liquid Microextraction.

Background: Exposure to mercury (Hg) as a heavy metal can cause health effects. The objective of this study was to assess occupational exposure to Hg in a chlor-alkali petrochemical industry in Iran by determining of Hg concentrations in air, blood and urine samples.

Methods: The study was performed on 50 exposed subjects and 50 unexposed controls.

On-line micro column preconcentration system based on amino bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a novel adsorbent for removal and speciation of chromium (III, VI) in environmental samples.

Background: Chromium (VI) has toxic and carcinogenic effects. So, determination and speciation of chromium in environmental samples is very important in view of health hazards. In this study, solid phase extraction (SPE) based on bulky amine-functionalized bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NH2-UVM-7) as a novel nanoadsorbent was applied for preconcentration and speciation of chromium (III, VI) in water samples.

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs), as a Novel Sorbent for Determination of Mercury in Air.

Background: Based on the noticeable toxicity and numerous application of mercury in industries, removal of mercury vapor through sorbent is an important environmental challenge.

Purpose Of The Study: Due to their highly porous and hollow structure, large specific surface area, light mass density and strong interaction, Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) sorbent were selected for this investigation.

Methods: In this study, instrumental conditions, method procedure and different effective parameters such as adsorption efficiency, desorption capacity, time, temperature and repeatability as well as retention time of adsorbed mercury were studied and optimized.

Identifying occupational and nonoccupational exposure to mercury in dental personnel.

The objective of this study was to investigate the occupational and nonoccupational exposure to mercury (Hg) vapor in dental personnel by examining the relationships between blood mercury, urine mercury, and their ratio with air mercury. The method was performed on 50 occupational exposed and 50 unexposed controls (25 men and 25 women). The mercury concentrations in air and human biological samples were determined based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method and standard method (SM) by a new mode of liquid-phase microextraction, respectively.