Cytogenetic profile of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Northern Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the frequencies of different cytogenetic abnormalities in patients of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Northern Pakistan.

Methods: It was descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Hematology Department of a Tertiary care referral institute from June 2015 to July 2017. All newly diagnosed cases of Acute Leukemia were analyzed.

Different Translocations of Multiple Myeloma on Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) with Clinical Correlation.

Objective: To evaluate the association of chromosomal translocations in multiple myeloma (MM) detected by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and its clinical characteristics.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from February to August 2022.

Cytogenetic Profile Of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Patients And Its Association With Induction Remission Status.

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is characterized by the presence of more than or equal to 20% lymphoblast (early lymphoid precursors) in peripheral blood and/or in bone marrow. Lymphoblast can infiltrate different organs and clinically patients can present with fatigue, pallor, fever, bone pain, bleeding or bruises and lymphadenopathy. ALL is the most common type of malignancy in children.

Clinico-Haematologic Parameters And Assessment Of Post-Induction Status In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia.

Background: Acute Leukaemia is a malignant disorder characterized by an abnormal proliferation of immature cells, called blasts. Classically, acute leukaemia is classified into acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia depending on the lineage of the immature cells. Objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical presentations, analyze the haematologic parameters at time of diagnosis and assess the post-induction status in newly diagnosed ALL patients.

Heritable Thrombophilia in Venous Thromboembolism in Northern Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is referred to as formation of clots in a deep vein or lodging of thrombus towards the lungs which could be fatal yet preventable. The risk of developing VTE can be increased by various factors. Where there are innumerable acquired causes, the possibility of inherited thrombophilia cannot be ignored.

Clinico-Haematologic association and prognostic relevance of NPM1 and FLT3-ITD mutations in acute Myeloid Leukaemia.

Background & Objectives: Molecular genetic abnormalities have a significant role not only in diagnosis but also in determining the clinical course and prognosis. Nucleophosmin-1 (NPM-1) is associated with good prognosis while internal tandem duplication of the fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 gene (FLT3-ITD) confers a poor prognosis. Knowledge of the status of these mutations in AML patients not only guides treatment decisions but also helps in predicting response to frontline induction and consolidation chemotherapy as well as the risk of relapse and overall survival.

Clinicohematological parameters and outcomes in a cohort of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with Deletion 17p from Pakistan.

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exhibits profound heterogeneity in its clinical course. Its clinicohematological and cytogenetic features play a significant role in determining the clinical course and in predicting the treatment response and prognosis. In this context, 17p deletion is known to predict a poor prognosis, as these cases are refractory to conventional therapy.

Thiamine Responsive Megaloblastic Anaemia, Diabetes Mellitus and Sensorineural Hearing Loss in a Child.

Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) syndrome is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterised by a triad of megaloblastic anemia, diabetes mellitus, and sensorineural deafness. We report a case of 2-year-old girl whose anemia improved following administration of thiamine. She came with the history of persistent anaemia for the last one year.

Delta-Beta Thalassaemia in a Pathan Family.

Delta-beta-thalassaemia (δβ-thalassaemia) is a rare type of thalassaemia which mostly results from deletion of δ and β genes with preservation of γ genes. δβ-thalassaemia is classified into (δβ)+ and (δβ)0 types. The (δβ)0-thalassemia is further divided into GγAγ(δβ)0-thalassaemia and Gγ(Aγδβ)0-thalassaemia.

Myelodysplastic Syndrome in Pakistan: Clinicohematological Characteristics, Cytogenetic Profile, and Risk Stratification.

Objective: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of bone marrow diseases that not only have variable morphological presentation and heterogeneous clinical courses but also have a wide range of cytogenetic abnormalities. Clinicohematological parameters have a significant role in diagnosis and along with identification of cytogenetic abnormalities are important for prognostic scoring and risk stratification of patients to plan management and make treatment decisions. This study aimed to determine the clinicohematological characteristics, cytogenetic abnormalities, and risk stratification of newly diagnosed de novo MDS patients.

Frequency of Gγ-globin promoter -158 (C>T) XmnI polymorphism in patients with homozygous/compound heterozygous beta thalassaemia.

Background: Response to hydroxyurea therapy in homozygous or compound heterozygous beta thalassaemia (BT) has been reported as more favourable in the presence of XmnI polymorphism. The prevalence of XmnI polymorphism may vary with BT phenotypes and genotypes, and differs geographically in distribution. Prevalence of XmnI polymorphism is not known in northern Pakistan.

Anaesthetic risks in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Objective: To determine the frequency of anaesthetic risks in children having Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS), undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Study Design: A case-control study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Anaesthesiology, Armed Forces Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia from November 2006 to January 2008.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in chronic myeloid leukaemia--2 1/2 year experience.

Objective: To evaluate out come of allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT) in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CMC) at Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi from April 2002 to October 2004.

Methods: Twenty-two patients with CML underwent allogeneic SCT from HLA matched siblings. Patients were divided into standard (n=14) and high-risk (n=8) groups.

Graft versus host disease in allogeneic stem cell transplantation--3 1/2 years experience.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency and outcome of graft versus host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplant in haematological disorders at Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi from July 2001 to December 2004.

Methods: Eighty-six patients with various haematological disorders namely aplastic anaemia (n=32), b-Thalassaemia (n=25), CML (n=22), ALL (n=3), AML (n=1) Fanconi's anaemia (n=2), and Gaucher's disease (n=1), underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation. All patients received cyclosoprin, prednisolone and short course of methotrexate as GvHD prophylaxis.

FLAG-IDA in the treatment of refractory/relapsed acute leukaemias: single centre study.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity profile of the combination of fludarabine, high dose cytarabine, idarubicin, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in refractory relapsed cases of acute leukaemia, a study is being conducted at Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre (AFBMTC) Rawalpindi since January 2003. Data up to June 2004 (early report) is being presented.

Methods: Twelve Patients with refractory/relapsed (Ref/Rel) acute leukaemia (AL) were treated with fludarabine 30 mg/m2 and cytosine arabinoside (AraC) Arac 2 g/m2 for 5 days, idarubicin 10 mg/m2 for 3 days, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor G-CSF 5 micro g/kg from day 0 till neutrophil recovery (ANC > 1.

Posttransplant Guillain Barre Syndrome.

This case report describes a patient with severe aplastic anaemia, who developed Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) 10 weeks after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from HLA-matched sibling-younger sister. GBS was preceded by pneumonia, herpes labialis and oral candidiasis a week earlier. Treatment with ventilatory management, intravenous human immunoglobulin (IVIg) and antimicrobials resulted in smooth recovery in thirty-one days.

Genus and species-specific IgG and IgM antibodies for pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective: To evaluate three different enzyme immunoassays for serological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and to compare their diagnostic accuracy in different combinations.

Design: A non-interventional comparative study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi between April and September 2001.