Comprehensive Review: Unveiling the Pro-Oncogenic Roles of IL-1ß and PD-1/PD-L1 in NSCLC Development and Targeting Their Pathways for Clinical Management.

In the past decade, targeted therapies for solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), have advanced significantly, offering tailored treatment options for patients. However, individuals without targetable mutations pose a clinical challenge, as they may not respond to standard treatments like immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and novel targeted therapies. While the mechanism of action of ICIs seems promising, the lack of a robust response limits their widespread use.

A Multicenter Phase II Trial of Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in Unresectable or Metastatic Metaplastic Breast Cancer: Cohort 36 of Dual Anti-CTLA-4 and Anti-PD-1 Blockade in Rare Tumors (DART, SWOG S1609).

Purpose: Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is a rare aggressive subtype that responds poorly to cytotoxics. Median survival is approximately 8 months for metastatic disease. We report results for advanced MpBC treated with ipilimumab + nivolumab, a cohort of S1609 for rare cancers (DART: NCT02834013).

Bupivacaine and Lidocaine Induce Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma Tumor Cells.

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer in adolescents. There have been no significant improvements in outcomes since chemotherapy was first introduced. Bupivacaine and lidocaine have been shown to be toxic to certain malignancies.

Antiproliferative effect of bupivacaine on patient-derived sarcoma cells.

Sarcomas are rare tumors with limited treatment options. Although chemotherapy is standard for certain subtypes, overall survival has not improved in several decades. Bupivacaine has been shown to induce apoptosis and prevent cell growth in multiple different types of malignancies but has not been studied in sarcoma.

Inhibitory Effects of Indomethacin in Human MNNG/HOS Osteosarcoma Cell Line .

Recurrence or metastasis remains the major cause of poor prognosis and mortality in Osteosarcoma patients. Therefore, development of more effective therapeutic approaches is required. We showed that indomethacin, significantly induces apoptosis in MNNG/HOS cell line, which was confirmed by morphological changes, increased Annexin-V + cells and nuclear fragmentation.

Disparities in breast cancer: a multi-institutional comparative analysis focusing on American Hispanics.

Unlabelled: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in Hispanic/Latino women nationwide. Hispanic women are more likely to be presented with advanced disease and adverse prognosis subtypes. The aim of this study is to describe the clinico- pathological characteristics and disparities in breast cancer in this group at two tertiary care University-based medical centers.

Metastatic biomarkers in synovial sarcoma.

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma (STS) that typically occurs in the extremities near a joint. Metastatic disease is common and usually occurs in the lungs and lymph nodes. Surgical management is the mainstay of treatment with chemotherapy and radiation typically used as adjuvant treatment.

Nuclear protein in testis midline carcinoma with unusual elevation of α-fetoprotein and synaptophysin positivity: a case report and review of the literature.

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare cancer that displays a characteristic chromosomal rearrangement of BRD4-NUT t(15;19)(q14;q13.1). Despite occasional dramatic responses to radiation and chemotherapy, NMC usually behaves aggressively and becomes rapidly progressive.

Efficacy of crizotinib inhibiting specific molecular pathways in non-small-cell lung carcinoma.

The US FDA granted approval for crizotinib as the first-line treatment for patients with echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearranged metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, on November 20, 2013. Crizotinib is a customized and improved therapeutic option for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer that enhances overall survival without increasing toxicity. In the future, new targeted therapies may achieve additional indications for treating patients with lung cancer.

A novel insertion mutation on exon 20 of epidermal growth factor receptor, conferring resistance to erlotinib.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein tyrosine kinase receptor. The small-molecule tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors (TKIs) are in clinical use to treat non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations. Variable tumor responses to erlotinib and gefitinib have been observed.

A phase 2 study of everolimus combined with trastuzumab and paclitaxel in patients with HER2-overexpressing advanced breast cancer that progressed during prior trastuzumab and taxane therapy.

Increased activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is a common factor in putative mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance, resulting in dysregulation of cell migration, growth, proliferation, and survival. Data from preclinical and phase 1/2 clinical studies suggest that adding everolimus (an oral mTOR inhibitor) to trastuzumab plus chemotherapy may enhance the efficacy of, and restore sensitivity to, trastuzumab-based therapy. In this phase 2 multicenter study, adult patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer resistant to trastuzumab and pretreated with a taxane received everolimus 10 mg/day in combination with paclitaxel (80 mg/m(2) days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks) and trastuzumab (4 mg/kg loading dose followed by 2 mg/kg weekly), administered in 28-day cycles.

Novel targeted therapeutics: inhibitors of MDM2, ALK and PARP.

We reviewed preclinical data and clinical development of MDM2 (murine double minute 2), ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) and PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) inhibitors. MDM2 binds to p53, and promotes degradation of p53 through ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. JNJ-26854165 and RO5045337 are 2 small-molecule inhibitors of MDM2 in clinical development.

Updates in non-small cell lung cancer--insights from the 2009 45th annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

We have reviewed the pivotal presentations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from the 2009 annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. We have discussed the scientific data, the impact on standards of care, and ongoing clinical trials.In patients with early-stage NSCLC, there is still no data to support the superiority of either neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.

Genomic profiling in clinical oncology. The predictive value of genomic information in cancer management.

Genomic profiling is a significant addition to the clinician's armamentarium, enabling more specific diagnosis and targeted treatment of a wide range of diseases, including cancer. Although not yet widely used in a clinical setting, the new technology is providing detailed information about the particular genes expressed in malignant tissues. The predictive value of this information has been demonstrated in small clinical trials.

Managing early breast cancer: prognostic features guide choice of therapy.

In the United States, more than 90% of breast cancer diagnoses occur in an early stage of the disease. That so much detection happens early bodes well for the patient. However, it is only one part of the clinical picture.