Nutritional requirements in pregnancy and lactation.

Optimal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is vital for the health of the mother and fetus. Nutritional needs should begin in the preconception period, as the fetus depends on the placenta for essential nutrients required for growth and development. A balanced diet rich in nutrient-dense foods-such as whole grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, legumes, fish, and lean meats-is essential to meet caloric needs during pregnancy.

Evaluation of the efficiency of nanomicellar formulation of fat-soluble vitamins in patients with cystic fibrosis: the study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease, which is caused by the CFTR protein defects due to mutations in the CFTR gene. Along with CFTR dysfunction, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency plays a key role in persistent fat malabsorption in CF patients; therefore, deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) is still a therapeutic challenge. Even with efficient pancreatic enzyme medication and CF-specific vitamins, many patients with CF have fat-soluble vitamins deficiency.

Adjunctive nano-curcumin therapy improves inflammatory and clinical indices in children with cystic fibrosis: A randomized clinical trial.

Inflammation may develop due to internal dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein or external factors in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This prospective randomized clinical trial aimed to ascertain the effects of nano-curcumin as an anti-inflammatory agent and a CFTR modulator on clinical and inflammatory markers in children with CF. Children with CF were randomly assigned to receive daily curcumin or a placebo for 3 months.

Impact of Chronic Functional Constipation on Lower Urinary Tract System: A Cases - Control Study.

Introduction: Association of constipation with incomplete bladder emptying, functional bladder outlet un-coordination, urinary tract infection (UTI), and upper urinary tract dilatation has been reported. We designed a study to determine the impact of chronic functional constipation on kidney and bladder ultrasound parameters, the results of the uroflowmetry test, and its association with UTI.

Methods: The study group consisted of 24 cases and 48 controls, who were children between 5 to 18 years-old, from June 2017 to June 2018.

Fecal Calprotectin and Phenotype Severity in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Inflammation plays an important role in the outcome of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). It may develop due to cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein dysfunction, pancreatic insufficiency, or prolonged pulmonary infection. Fecal calprotectin (FC) has been used as a noninvasive method to detect inflammation.

The effects of nano-curcumin as a nutritional strategy on clinical and inflammatory factors in children with cystic fibrosis: the study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder, which is caused by the CFTR protein defects. Along with CFTR dysfunction, inflammation plays a key role in the disease outcomes. Inflammation may develop due to the internal dysfunction of the CFTR protein or external factors.

How to Boost our Immune System Against Coronavirus Infection?

New emerging viruses like coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infections are always frightening. We know little about their transmission, behaviors, clinical manifestations, and outcomes. There is no vaccine or therapeutic strategies to deal with these infections yet.

Etiology of gastrointestinal bleeding in children referred to pediatric wards of Mashhad hospitals, Iran.

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, which has several clinical manifestation and origins, is known as one of the most life-threatening events in children. Several etiologies have been suggested for GI bleeding.

Objective: To determine the most important causes of GI bleeding in children referred to Ghaem Hospital and Dr.

A Case with Complete Pancreatic Aplasia Suggestive of Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome.

Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome (JBS) is a very rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder. We report the case of a two-month-old male with pancreatic insufficiency and severe phenotypic features. His diagnosis of JBS was established using clinical symptoms and abdominal computed tomography scan that showed pancreas aplasia.

Sensitivity Comparison of the Skin Prick Test and Serum and Fecal Radio Allergosorbent Test (RAST) in Diagnosis of Food Allergy in Children.

Background: Diagnosis of food allergy is difficult in children. Food allergies are diagnosed using several methods that include medical histories, clinical examinations, skin prick and serum-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) tests, radio-allergosorbent test (RAST), food challenge, and supervised elimination diets. In this study we evaluated allergies to cow's milk, egg, peanut, and fish in children with suspected food allergies with skin prick tests and serum and feces RAST.

Isolated Splenic Vein Thrombosis: 8-Year-Old Boy with Massive Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Hypersplenism.

We present an 8-year-old boy who was referred to our center with the complaint of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and was diagnosed with hypersplenism and progressive esophageal varices. Performing a computerized tomography (CT) scan, we discovered a suspicious finding in the venography phase in favor of thrombosis in the splenic vein. Once complementary examinations were done and due to recurrent bleeding and band ligation failure, the patient underwent splenectomy.

In Vitro Gluten Challenge Test for Celiac Disease Diagnosis.

Objectives: The in vitro gluten challenge test is an important diagnostic modality in celiac disease (CD), especially in patients who begin treatment with a gluten-free diet before adequate diagnostic workup or in cases with atypical CD. Available literature was reviewed regarding the accuracy of the in vitro gluten challenge test for CD diagnosis.

Methods: MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched, and studies that used serology and bowel biopsy as the criterion standard for diagnosis were included in our study.

99mTc-Pertechnetate imaging for detection of ectopic gastric mucosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the pertinent literature.

Background And Aims: 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy has long been used for detection of ectopic gastric mucosa (EGM) in the medical practice and evaluation of children with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. In the current study, we reviewed the available medical literature in this regard.

Methods: Medline and SCOPUS were searched for relevant studies.

Diagnostic accuracy of nuclear medicine imaging in protein losing enteropathy : systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Background And Aim: Scintigraphy using Tc-99m or In-111 labeled proteins is an important diagnostic modality for diagnosis of protein losing enteropathy (PLE). We systematically reviewed the available literature regarding the accuracy of scintigraphy using Tc-99m or In-111 labeled proteins for diagnosis of PLE.

Methods: Medline and SCOPUS were searched using (("protein losing") AND ("scintigraphy" OR "Nuclear Medicine")) as keywords without any language or date limit.

Citation Analysis of Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences in ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Google Scholar.

Objective(s): Citation tracking is an important method to analyze the scientific impact of journal articles and can be done through Scopus (SC), Google Scholar (GS), or ISI web of knowledge (WOS). In the current study, we analyzed the citations to 2011-2012 articles of Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences (IJBMS) in these three resources.

Material And Methods: The relevant data from SC, GS, and WOS official websites.

Analysis of CFTR Gene Mutations in Children with Cystic Fibrosis, First Report from North-East of Iran.

Objective(s): More than 1500 registered mutations in cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene are responsible for dysfunction of an ion channel protein and a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study was performed to investigate the frequency of a number of well-known CFTR mutations in North Eastern Iranian CF patients.

Material And Methods: A total number of 56 documented CF patients participated in this study.

Accuracy of hepatobiliary scintigraphy for differentiation of neonatal hepatitis from biliary atresia: systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is an important diagnostic modality for work-up of neonatal cholestasis. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the literature regarding the accuracy of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in differentiating biliary atresia from non-biliary atresia causes of cholestasis (collectively called neonatal hepatitis). Our search included Medline, SCOPUS and Google Scholar.

Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis due to wheat in a young woman.

Food Dependent Exercise-Induced Allergy is a rare condition. However, the occurrence of anaphylaxis is increasing especially in young people. The diagnosis of anaphylaxis is based on clinical criteria and can be supported by laboratory tests such as serum tryptase and positive skin test results for specific IgE to potential triggering allergens.

Pentoxifylline in hepatopulmonary syndrome.

Aim: To determine the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on clinical manifestations and evaluate arterial blood gas data in hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) in children.

Methods: In a pilot study of 10 children with chronic liver disease, who had HPS, 20 mg/kg/d PTX was administered for 3 mo. Clinical data and arterial blood gas parameters were evaluated at baseline, the end of the treatment period, and 3 mo after drug discontinuation.

Risk factors associated with life-threatening infections in children with febrile neutropenia: a data mining approach.

Purpose: To determine risk factors (RFs) and their relationship with life-threatening infection (LTI) in children with febrile neutropenia (FN).

Method: In this cross-sectional study, from December 2008 to November 2009, all children with FN admitted to Dr Sheikh Pediatric Hospital were enrolled. For each patient, demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were recorded and they were followed up for occurrence of LTI.

Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS) in a Boy with Massive Lymphadenopathy.

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is an uncommon nonmalignant lymphoproliferative disease which is characterized by chronic, persistent or recurrent lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, immune cytopenia , hypergammaglobinemia and increased risk of lymphoma. We report a 2-year old boy with hepatosplenomegaly as first presentation. Petechial and purpuric rashes with massive cervical lymphadenopathies developed 10 months later.

A comparison between traditional yogurt and probiotic yogurt in non-inflammatory acute gastroenteritis.

Objective: To compare the traditional yogurt and probiotic yogurt in improving acute non-inflammatory gastroenteritis.

Methods: A double blinded case-control clinical trial, performed in 100 patients aged 6 months to 12 years of age from October 2008 to September 2009 in Ghaem and Dr. Sheikh Hospitals in Mashhad, Iran.

Intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunt in children with chronic liver disease: clinical features, laboratory data and outcome.

Objective: To determine the frequency of hepatopulmonary syndrome in children with chronic liver disease, and its clinical and biochemical associations.

Method: This study included 53 children with chronic liver disease, who underwent contrast echocardiography with agitated saline and measurement of arterial blood gases.

Results: Of the 53 patients studied, 18 had intrapulmonary shunting of blood.