In vitro siRNA-mediated GPX4 and AKT1 silencing in oxaliplatin resistance cancer cells induces ferroptosis and apoptosis.

Oxaliplatin is a member of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs frequently used in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, resistance to oxaliplatin causes tumor progression and metastasis. Akt1 and Gpx4 are essential regulator genes of apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways.

Ferroptosis as a Potential Cell Death Mechanism Against Cisplatin-Resistant Lung Cancer Cell Line.

Drug resistance is a challenging issue in cancer chemotherapy. Cell death induction is one of the main strategies to overcome chemotherapy resistance. Notably, ferroptosis has been considered a critical cell death mechanism in recent years.

Hyper-Branched Cationic Cyclodextrin Polymers for Improving Plasmid Transfection in 2D and 3D Spheroid Cells.

In this article, we used monolayer two dimensional (2D) and 3D multicellular spheroid models to improve our understanding of the gene delivery process of a new modified cationic hyper-branched cyclodextrin-based polymer (Ppoly)-loaded plasmid encoding Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP). A comparison between the cytotoxicity effect and transfection efficiency of the plasmid DNA (pDNA)-loaded Ppoly system in 2D and 3D spheroid cells determined that the transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of Ppoly-pDNA nanocomplexes were lower in 3D spheroids than in 2D monolayer cells. Furthermore, histopathology visualization of Ppoly-pDNA complex cellular uptake in 3D spheroids demonstrated that Ppoly penetrated into the inner layers.

The Effect of Length and Structure of Attached Polyethylene Glycol Chain on Hydrodynamic Radius, and Separation of PEGylated Human Serum Albumin by Chromatography.

This study focuses on the effect of length and structure of attached polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain on hydrodynamic radius (R ) and chromatographic retention of PEGylated protein. To this aim human serum albumin (HSA) as a standard protein was PEGylated site specifically with mPEG-maleimide. Separated PEG_HSA fractions were analyzed by size exclusion and anion exchange chromatography (AExC).

Mesenchymal Stem Cells cause Telomere Length Reduction of Molt-4 Cells via Caspase-3, BAD and P53 Apoptotic Pathway.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as undifferentiated cells are specially considered in cell-based cancer therapy due to unique features such as multi-potency, pluripotency, and self-renewal. A multitude of cytokines secreted from MSCs are known to give such multifunctional attributes, but details of their role are yet to be unknown. In the present study, MSCs were cultured, characterized and co-cultured with Molt-4 cells as acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line in a trans-well plate.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: An Overview of Tumor- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Interaction for Therapeutic Interventions.

Tumors are made up of different types of cancer cells that contribute to tumor heterogeneity. Among these cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a significant role in the onset of cancer and development. Like other stem cells, CSCs are characterized by the capacity for differentiation and self-renewal.

A gene-based anti-angiogenesis therapy as a novel strategy for cancer treatment.

Angiogenesis-targeted therapy of cancer is considered a promising strategy for therapeutic management of cancer progression. Over the last two decades, a few anti-angiogenesis monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blocking VEGF signaling have been developed and approved by the FDA. The most widely used anti-angiogenesis drug is bevacizumab which binds VEGFA and prevents its interaction with VEGF receptor leading to suppression of angiogenesis.

Impact of Cultivation Condition and Media Content on Composition.

Microalgae are a source material in food, pharmacy, and cosmetics industries for producing various products including high-protein nutritional supplements, synthetic pharmaceuticals, and natural colors. A promising algal source for such productions is which contains a considerable protein content. Similar to other microalgae, its desirability is minimal nutrient requirements since they are unicellular, photosynthetic, and fast-growing microorganisms.

Therapeutic targeting of angiogenesis molecular pathways in angiogenesis-dependent diseases.

Angiogenesis is a critical step in the progression of almost all human malignancies and some other life-threatening diseases. Anti-angiogenic therapy is a novel and effective approach for treatment of angiogenesis-dependent diseases such as cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. In this article, we will review the main strategies developed for anti-angiogenic therapies beside their clinical applications, the major challenges, and the latest advances in the development of anti-angiogenesis-based targeted therapies.

DJ1 and microRNA-214 act synergistically to rescue myoblast cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Ischemia/reperfusion injury is a tissue injury occurring post-reperfusion of tissues with pre-existing ischemia. A good blood supply to tissues aids in the survival of ischemic tissue, however, due to prolonged ischemia the levels of ATP decrease and pH declines leading to acidosis. Reduced ATP leads to an increase in the AMP/ATP ratio, causing cessation of intracellular calcium transport, hence calcium overload and cell death.

Construction and Development of a Cardiac Tissue-Specific and Hypoxia-Inducible Expression Vector.

Cardiovascular gene therapy is a sophisticated approach, thanks to the safety of vectors, stable transgene expression, delivery method, and different layers of the heart. To date, numerous expression vectors have been introduced in biotechnology and biopharmacy industries in relation to genetic manipulation. Despite the rapid growth of these modalities, they must be intelligently designed, addressing the cardiac-specific transgene expression and less side effects.

Cloning and Expression of TNF Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand in Nicotiana tabacum.

Molecular farming has been considered as a secure and economical approach for production of biopharmaceuticals. Human TNF Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) as a promising biopharmaceutical candidate has been produced in different expression hosts. However, little attention has been paid to molecular farming of the TRAIL in spite of numerous advantages of plant expression systems.

Improvement in the stability and functionality of Nicotiana tabacum produced recombinant TRAIL through employment of endoplasmic reticulum expression and ascorbate buffer mediated extraction strategies.

Introduction: In order to employ Nicotiana tabacum cells as a profitable natural bioreactor for production of bio-functional "Soluble human TRAIL" (ShTRAIL), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) targeted expression and innovative extraction procedures were exploited.

Methods: At first, the ShTRAIL encoding gene was sub-cloned into designed H2 helper vector to equip it with potent TMV omega leader sequences, ER sorting signal peptide, poly-histidine tag and ER retention signal peptide (KDEL). Then, the ER targeted ShTRAIL cassette was sequentially sub-cloned into "CaMV-35S" helper and "pGreen-0179" final expression vectors.

Bioimpacts of anti epidermal growth factor receptor antisense complexed with polyamidoamine dendrimers in human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cells.

Lung cancer is still one of the leading causes of malignancy related deaths worldwide despite recent advances in diagnosis and therapy. Among various biomarkers detected in cancerous cells, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a key role in initiation/promotion of several malignancies. Thus, a number of studies have been carried out to target this important receptor.

Characterization and astrocytic modulation of system L transporters in brain microvasculature endothelial cells.

Brain trafficking of amino acids is mainly mediated by amino acids transport machineries of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), where astrocytes play a key maintenance role. However, little is known about astrocytes impacts on such transport systems, in particular system L that consists of large and small neutral amino acids (NAAs) transporters, that is, LAT1/4F2hc and LAT2/4F2hc, respectively. In the current investigation, functionality and expression of system L were studied in the immortalized mouse brain microvascular endothelial b.

Microarray analysis of the toxicogenomics and the genotoxic potential of a cationic lipid-based gene delivery nanosystem in human alveolar epithelial a549 cells.

ABSTRACT Viral and nonviral vectors have been widely used in gene therapy as delivery reagents for nucleic acids. Toxicity with viral vectors has increasingly led to the search for suitable nonviral vectors, such as cationic lipids/polymers, as potentially safer alternatives. However, little is known about the genomic toxicity of these delivery systems in target cells/tissues.