Management Approach for Traumatic Complex Degloving Perineal Injuries: A Retrospective Review of 6 Cases.

Objective: Degloving perineal injury is defined as avulsion of the perineal skin and subcutaneous tissue from its surrounding fascia, bone, and organs. This injury is most commonly caused by road vehicle accidents or alleged falls from heights. This devastating injury is associated with high morbidity and mortality if mismanaged.

A rare cause of acute urinary retention in a young man: A median raphe penile cyst.

Background: A penile median raphe cyst is an uncommon congenital lesion that is formed due to failure of the median raphe to close completely during embryo development. The majority of the cysts are asymptomatic and often go unnoticed. Here, we report acute urinary retention as a very rare complication of a penile median raphe cyst.

Surgical Techniques for Correction of Penile Paraffinoma.

Background: Penile augmentation using injection of a foreign body into penile skin was mainly performed by non-medical personnel. Majority of these patients end up with complication of an abnormal mass formation known as penile paraffinoma.

Methods: We described three different surgical techniques for correction of penile paraffinoma based on our single-centre experience.

The endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene G894T, glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) polymorphisms as a risk factor in the patient with nephrolithiasis.

Background: The genetic features indicate a crucial role in nephrolithiasis. The present study was aimed to investigate the role of Glutathione-S-transferase Mu (GSTM1), Glutathione-S- transferase Theta (GSTT1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOs) gene polymorphism in nephrolithiasis.

Methods: We involved a case-control study in which 480 individuals were divided into 240 healthy control and 240 patients with nephrolithiasis.

Genetic polymorphisms of human transcription factor-7 like 2 (TCF7L2), β-defensin (DEFB1) and CD14 genes in nephrolithiasis patients.

Background: It is assumed that genetic factors play crucial role in nephrolithiasis. The present study was conducted to explore the role of Human Transcription Factor-7 like-2 (TCF7L2) β-defensin (DEFB1) and CD14 gene polymorphism in development and progression of nephrolithiasis.

Methods: The genotypes of TCF7L2, DEFB1 and CD14 polymorphism were determined in 240 nephrolithiasis patients and 240 healthy controls by restriction digestion method of PCR.

Determination of alpha-2-MRAP gene polymorphisms in nephrolithiasis patients.

Background: The intron 5 insertion/deletion polymorphism of Alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor-associated protein gene (Alpha-2-MRAP) has been implicated in numerous diseases. The current study was designed to analyze the association of intron 5 insertion/deletion polymorphism of Alpha-2-MRAP with nephrolithiasis patients.

Methods: PCR was conducted on genomic DNA of patients and control to look for Alpha-2-MRAP insertion/deletion polymorphism.

Association of MMP-9 gene polymorphisms with nephrolithiasis patients.

Background: Nephrolithiasis is one of the causes which lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases degrading extracellular matrix which correlate with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The current study was designed to analyze the association of (R279Q, C1562T) polymorphism of MMP-9 with nephrolithiasis patients.

Effects of Nephrolithiasis on Serum DNase (Deoxyribonuclease I and II) Activity and E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2 (NSMCE2) in Malaysian Individuals.

Objective: Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. The aim of this study was to examine a possible relationship between DNase I/II activity and E3 SUMO-protein ligase NSE2 in the sera of nephrolithiasis patients to evaluate the possibility of a new biomarker for evaluating kidney damage.

Methods: Sixty nephrolithiasis patients and 50 control patients were enrolled in a case-control study.