Diversity in the Clinical Course and Outcome of COVID-19 in Patients with Different Inborn Errors of Immunity can be Associated with the Type of Error.

Background: The relationship between inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) and COVID-19 severity and incidence rates remains unclear due to limited and diverse data. This study aimed to address this gap by identifying specific IEIs associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 or a predisposition to severe disease before vaccination.

Materials And Methods: Data were collected from the medical records of 15 patients with various IEIs, supplemented by interviews with individuals from an IEIs registry who had experienced COVID-19 before vaccination.

Competing endogenous RNAs regulatory crosstalk networks: The messages from the RNA world to signaling pathways directing cancer stem cell development.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are one of the cell types that account for cancer heterogeneity. The cancer cells arrest in G0 and generate non-CSC progeny through self-renewal and pluripotency, resulting in tumor recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. They can stimulate tumor relapse and re-grow a metastatic tumor.

Crosstalk between autophagy and insulin resistance: evidence from different tissues.

Insulin is a critical hormone that promotes energy storage in various tissues, as well as anabolic functions. Insulin resistance significantly reduces these responses, resulting in pathological conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The management of insulin resistance requires better knowledge of its pathophysiological mechanisms to prevent secondary complications, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Screening and identification of potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer: An integrated bioinformatics analysis.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the highly invasive and the seventh most common cause of death among cancers worldwide. To identify essential genes and the involved mechanisms in pancreatic cancer, we used bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer management. Gene expression profiles of pancreatic cancer patients and normal tissues were screened and downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) bioinformatics database.

Immunogenic cell death inducer peptides: A new approach for cancer therapy, current status and future perspectives.

Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) is a type of cell death that kills tumor cells by stimulating the adaptive immune response against other tumor cells. ICD depends on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the secretion of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP) by the dying tumor cell. DAMPs recruit innate immune cells such as Dendritic Cells (DC), triggering a cancer-specific immune response such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to eliminate remaining cancer cells.

Current advances in stem cell therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease related to the central nervous system (CNS) with a significant global burden. In this illness, the immune system plays an essential role in its pathophysiology and progression. The currently available treatments are not recognized as curable options and, at best, might slow the progression of MS injuries to the CNS.

Purinergic receptors are a key bottleneck in tumor metabolic reprogramming: The prime suspect in cancer therapeutic resistance.

ATP and other nucleoside phosphates have specific receptors named purinergic receptors. Purinergic receptors and ectonucleotidases regulate various signaling pathways that play a role in physiological and pathological processes. Extracellular ATP in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has a higher level than in normal tissues and plays a role in cancer cell growth, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance.

Apelin and its ratio to lipid factors are associated with cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to ascertain if the circulating levels of apelin, as an important regulator of the cardiovascular homeostasis, differ in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and controls.

Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify the studies addressing apelin in CVD up to April 5, 2021. Due to the presence of different units to measure the circulating levels of apelin across the included studies, they expressed the standardized mean difference (SMD) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) as summary effect size.

Possible role of pannexin 1 channels and purinergic receptors in the pathogenesis and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 and therapeutic potential of targeting them in COVID-19.

Identifying signaling pathways and molecules involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is pivotal for developing new effective therapeutic or preventive strategies for COVID-19. Pannexins (PANX) are ATP-release channels in the plasma membrane essential in many physiological and immune responses. Activation of pannexin channels and downstream purinergic receptors play dual roles in viral infection, either by facilitating viral replication and infection or inducing host antiviral defense.

An Update on Human Papilloma Virus Vaccines: History, Types, Protection, and Efficacy.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted agent worldwide. Early prevention with HPV vaccination is a safe and effective method against this disease. HPV vaccines provided more protection against several oncogenic HPV strains.

Outlook of therapeutic and diagnostic competency of nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review.

Purpose: The newly emerged coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) continues to infect humans, and no completely efficient treatment has yet been found. Antibody therapy is one way to control infection caused by COVID-19, but the use of classical antibodies has many disadvantages. Heavy chain antibodies (HCAbs) are single-domain antibodies derived from the Camelidae family.

Cutting edge: Metabolic immune reprogramming, reactive oxygen species, and cancer.

A recently proposed term "immunometabolism" points to the functional intracellular metabolic changes that occur within different immune cells. Recent findings suggest that immune responses can be determined by the metabolic status of immune cells and metabolic reprogramming is an important feature of immune cell activation. Metabolic reprogramming is also well known for cancer cells and has been suggested as a major sign of cancer progression.

The role of cytokine profile and lymphocyte subsets in the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: This study aimed to make a comparison between the clinical laboratory-related factors, complete blood count (CBC) indices, cytokines, and lymphocyte subsets in order to distinguish severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases from the non-severe ones.

Materials And Methods: Relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until March 31, 2020. Cochrane's Q test and the I statistic were used to determine heterogeneity.

Different cytokine patterns induced by Helicobacter pylori and Lactobacillus acidophilus extracts in PBMCs of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. AAA is characterized by abdominal aortic dilatation more than 3 cm and is often asymptomatic, but the rupture of aneurysm can lead to death. Age, smoking and male sex are major predisposing factors of AAA.

Association of Klotho gene polymorphism with hypertension and coronary artery disease in an Iranian population.

Background: Klotho, possibly an age-regulating protein, is considered an important factor contributing to the lifespan and pathophysiology of hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study was carried out aiming to investigate the association of Klotho-rs564481 (C1818T) gene polymorphism with hypertension and CAD.

Methods: A total of 286 CAD-suspicious subjects were entered into this case-control study.

Anxiety but not depression is associated with metabolic syndrome: The Isfahan Healthy Heart Program.

Background: Only a few studies have carried out to evaluate the association of depression and anxiety with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the depression and anxiety are associated with MetS and its different components.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study forms part of the prospective Isfahan Cohort Study.