Frequency conversion in a hydrogen-filled hollow-core fiber using continuous-wave fields.

In large-area quantum networks based on optical fibers, photons are the fundamental carriers of information as so-called flying qubits. They may also serve as the interconnect between different components of a hybrid architecture, which might comprise atomic and solid-state platforms operating at visible or near-infrared wavelengths, as well as optical links in the telecom band. Quantum frequency conversion is the pathway to change the color of a single photon while preserving its quantum state.

Biodiversity impacts of the 2019-2020 Australian megafires.

With large wildfires becoming more frequent, we must rapidly learn how megafires impact biodiversity to prioritize mitigation and improve policy. A key challenge is to discover how interactions among fire-regime components, drought and land tenure shape wildfire impacts. The globally unprecedented 2019-2020 Australian megafires burnt more than 10 million hectares, prompting major investment in biodiversity monitoring.

Improving Inference Within Freshwater Community Studies: Accounting for Variable Detection Rates of Amphibians and Fish.

Research into freshwater communities often aims to link patterns of species distribution in ponds with underlying biotic factors. However, errors with species detection (e.g.

A Divergent Platelet Transcriptome in Patients with Lipedema and Lymphedema.

Lipedema and lymphedema are physically similar yet distinct diseases that are commonly misdiagnosed. We previously reported that lipedema and lymphedema are associated with increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The underlying etiology of the prothrombotic profile observed in lipedema and lymphedema is unclear, but may be related to alterations in platelets.

Hydrology is a major influence on amphibian abundance in a large European floodplain.

River-floodplain ecosystems play a crucial role in connecting landscape patches through hydrological connectivity, but they are among the most threatened ecosystems. Floodplains provide important habitat for amphibians by connecting aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Modifications to floodplain hydrology can impact amphibian communities, yet few studies have examined amphibian metacommunities in floodplain wetlands.

Frequency conversion to the telecom O-band using pressurized hydrogen.

Large-scale quantum networks rely on optical fiber networks and photons as so-called flying qubits for information transport. While dispersion and absorption of optical fibers are minimum at the infrared telecom wavelengths, most atomic and solid state platforms operate at visible or near-infrared wavelengths. Quantum frequency conversion is required to bridge these two wavelength regimes, and nonlinear crystals are currently employed for this process.

Fifteen-minute consultation: Pathophysiology of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in children and adolescents: diagnosis and management strategies.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) affects children and adolescents-normally fit and well and yet troubled by a myriad of everyday symptoms. Understanding the pathophysiology of this not uncommon disorder together with a review of the clinical features may well assist the attending clinicians to arrive at a clear diagnosis without the need for extensive testing and multiple investigations. Simple lifestyle measures such as increasing fluid intake, electrolyte and/or salt supplements, adequate sleep, not missing out on meals and instituting an exercise programme to improve muscle tone and strength may avoid the need of pharmacological management.

Consultant revision hip arthroplasty volumes and new consultant volume trajectories in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Isle of Man.

Aims: This study describes the variation in the annual volumes of revision hip arthroplasty (RHA) undertaken by consultant surgeons nationally, and the rate of accrual of RHA and corresponding primary hip arthroplasty (PHA) volume for new consultants entering practice.

Methods: National Joint Registry (NJR) data for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Isle of Man were received for 84,816 RHAs and 818,979 PHAs recorded between April 2011 and December 2019. RHA data comprised all revision procedures, including first-time revisions of PHA and any subsequent re-revisions recorded in public and private healthcare organizations.

Urbanisation generates multiple trait syndromes for terrestrial animal taxa worldwide.

Cities can host significant biological diversity. Yet, urbanisation leads to the loss of habitats, species, and functional groups. Understanding how multiple taxa respond to urbanisation globally is essential to promote and conserve biodiversity in cities.

Financial analysis of revision hip surgery at a tertiary referral centre as classified using the British Hip Society Revision Hip Complexity Classification.

Aims: The burden of revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) continues to grow. The surgery is complex and associated with significant costs. Regional rTHA networks have been proposed to improve outcomes and to reduce re-revisions, and therefore costs.

Interdisciplinarity and Patient Engagement: New Representations of Cardiovascular Anatomy.

Background: This article presents and discusses the genesis, making and public presentation of two artworks by British artist Sofie Layton, namely and , which explore the anatomy of the heart infusing it with experiential and narrative elements.

Methods: Artist-led workshops with a range of audiences (cardiac patients, medical staff, medical students, creative professionals, and patient relatives) led to explore narratives and imagery that, in turn, was re-presented in artworks exploring the complexity of the cardiovascular system.

Results: While positioning themselves in a long tradition of artistic representations of the heart, often purely anatomical or autobiographical, these artworks stem from a process of patient involvement and participation.

Cognitive function with evolocumab in pediatric heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Background: Evolocumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody inhibitor of PCSK9 approved for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults and pediatric patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The cognitive safety of evolocumab has been established in adults but has not yet been described in pediatric patients.

Objective: To determine the effects of evolocumab on cognitive function in pediatric heterozygous FH.

Biomarker Prediction of Complex Coronary Revascularization Procedures in the FOURIER Trial.

Background: Biomarkers are known to predict major adverse cardiovascular events. However, the association of biomarkers with complex coronary revascularization procedures or high-risk coronary anatomy at the time of revascularization is not understood.

Objectives: We examined the associations between baseline biomarkers and major coronary events (MCE) and complex revascularization procedures.

Production of nascent ribosome precursors within the nucleolar microenvironment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

35S rRNA transcripts include a 5'-external transcribed spacer followed by rRNAs of the small and large ribosomal subunits. Their processing yields massive precursors that include dozens of assembly factor proteins. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nucleolar assembly factors form 2 coaxial layers/volumes around ribosomal DNA.

Development of the Revision Hip Complexity Classification using a modified Delphi technique.

Aims: The aim of this modified Delphi process was to create a structured Revision Hip Complexity Classification (RHCC) which can be used as a tool to help direct multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussions of complex cases in local or regional revision networks.

Methods: The RHCC was developed with the help of a steering group and an invitation through the British Hip Society (BHS) to members to apply, forming an expert panel of 35. We ran a mixed-method modified Delphi process (three rounds of questionnaires and one virtual meeting).

Converting single photons from an InAs/GaAs quantum dot into the ultraviolet: preservation of second-order correlations.

Wavelength conversion at the single-photon level is required to forge a quantum network from distinct quantum devices. Such devices include solid-state emitters of single or entangled photons, as well as network nodes based on atoms or ions. Here we demonstrate the conversion of single photons emitted from a III-V semiconductor quantum dot at 853 nm via sum frequency conversion to the wavelength of the strong transition of Yb ions at 370 nm.

Effect of Evolocumab in Patients With Prior Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: Patients with prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at high residual risk for multiple types of coronary events within and beyond the stented lesion. This risk might be mitigated by more intensive LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol)-lowering beyond just with statin therapy.

Methods: FOURIER (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects With Elevated Risk) randomized 27 564 patients with stable atherosclerotic disease on statin to the PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9) inhibitor evolocumab or placebo with a median follow-up of 2.

Minimum 5-Year Outcomes of a Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized Control Trial Assessing Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Patient-Specific Instrumentation in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) was developed to produce more accurate alignment of components and consequently improve clinical outcomes when used in total knee arthroplasty. We compare radiological accuracy and clinical outcomes at a minimum of 5-year follow-up between patients randomized to undergo total knee arthroplasty performed using PSI or traditional cutting block techniques.

Methods: This multicenter, randomized control trial included patients blinded to the technique 1used.

Effect of a Multidisciplinary Pulmonary Embolism Response Team on Patient Mortality.

Multidisciplinary Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams (PERTs) may improve the care of patients with a high risk of pulmonary embolism (PE). The impact of a PERT on long-term mortality has never been evaluated. An observational analysis was conducted of 137 patients before PERT implementation (between 2014 and 2015) and 231 patients after PERT implementation (between 2016 and 2019), presenting to the emergency department of an academic medical center with submassive and massive PE.

Evolocumab in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in India.

Background: Evolocumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody inhibitor of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 approved in India for treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) in patients aged ≥12 years.

Objective: RAMAN (NCT03403374) was a single-country, open-label, phase 4 study evaluating the safety and tolerability of evolocumab in patients with HoFH in India.

Methods: Patients ≥12 to ≤80 years of age on stable lipid-lowering therapy with fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >3.

Financial analysis of revision knee surgery at a tertiary referral centre as classified according to the Revision Knee Complexity Classification (RKCC).

Background: Revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) can be complex, with greater costs to the treating hospital than primary TKA. A rTKA regional network has been proposed in England. The aim of this work was to accurately quantify current costs and reimbursement for the rTKA service and to assess whether costs are proportional to case complexity at a tertiary referral centre within the National Health Service (NHS).

Effect of denosumab on osteolytic lesion activity after total hip arthroplasty: a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof of concept trial.

Background: Osteolysis causes recurrent pain and disability after total hip arthroplasty. We investigated the effect of the human monoclonal antibody denosumab on osteolytic lesion activity in patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty surgery to show the biological proof of concept for a non-surgical treatment for the disease.

Methods: We did a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof of concept superiority trial at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK.

Multi-species occupancy modeling provides novel insights into amphibian metacommunity structure and wetland restoration.

A fundamental goal of community ecology is to understand species-habitat relationships and how they shape metacommunity structure. Recent advances in occupancy modeling enable habitat relationships to be assessed for both common and rare species within metacommunities using multi-species occupancy models (MSOM). These models account for imperfect species detection and offer considerable advantages over other analytical tools commonly used for community analyses under the elements of metacommunity structure (EMS) framework.