Assessing a species thermal tolerance through a multiparameter approach: the case study of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata.

Assessing species thermal tolerance requires identification of their thermal strategies and evaluation of their ability to cope with temperature fluctuations. The mobilization of the molecular heat stress response (HSR), which is a proxy for the thermal tolerance, would be part of the strategy of species colonizing highly variable thermal environments. We here investigate multiple parameters of the HSR in the deep-sea vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata that colonizes such environments.

Thermal limit for metazoan life in question: in vivo heat tolerance of the Pompeii worm.

The thermal limit for metazoan life, expected to be around 50°C, has been debated since the discovery of the Pompeii worm Alvinella pompejana, which colonizes black smoker chimney walls at deep-sea vents. While indirect evidence predicts body temperatures lower than 50°C, repeated in situ temperature measurements depict an animal thriving at temperatures of 60°C and more. This controversy was to remain as long as this species escaped in vivo investigations, due to irremediable mortalities upon non-isobaric sampling.

Portable multi-anvil device for in situ angle-dispersive synchrotron diffraction measurements at high pressure and temperature.

A recently developed portable multi-anvil device for in situ angle-dispersive synchrotron diffraction studies at pressures up to 25 GPa and temperatures up to 2000 K is described. The system consists of a 450 ton V7 Paris-Edinburgh press combined with a Stony Brook ;T-cup' multi-anvil stage. Technical developments of the various modifications that were made to the initial device in order to adapt the latter to angular-dispersive X-ray diffraction experiments are fully described, followed by a presentation of some results obtained for various systems, which demonstrate the power of this technique and its potential for crystallographic studies.

Moon shots for management.

In May 2008, a group of management scholars and senior executives worked to define an agenda for management during the next 100 years. The so-called renegade brigade, led by Gary Hamel, included academics, such as C.K.

Experimental evidence for a crossover between two distinct mechanisms of amorphization in ice Ih under pressure.

We report neutron scattering data which reveal the central role of phonon softening leading to a negative melting line, solid-state amorphization, and negative thermal expansion of ice. We find that pressure-induced amorphization is due to mechanical melting at low temperatures, while at higher temperatures amorphization is governed by thermal melting (violations of Born's and Lindemann's criteria, respectively). This confirms earlier conjectures of a crossover between two distinct amorphization mechanisms and provides a natural explanation for the strong annealing observed in high-density amorphous ice.

Structure of dense liquid water by neutron scattering to 6.5 GPa and 670 K.

We present a neutron diffraction study of liquid water to 6.5 GPa and 670 K. From the measured structure factors we determine radial and angular distributions.

The why, what, and how of management innovation.

For organizations like GE, P&G, and Visa, management innovation is the secret to success. But what is management innovation? Why is it so important? And how can other companies learn to become management innovators? This article from expert Gary Hamel answers those questions. A management breakthrough can deliver a strong advantage to the innovating company and produce a major shift in industry leadership.

Nature of the polyamorphic transition in ice under pressure.

We present a neutron diffraction study of the transition between low-density and high-density amorphous ice (LDA and HDA, respectively) under pressure at approximately 0.3 GPa, at 130 K. All the intermediate diffraction patterns can be accurately decomposed into a linear combination of the patterns of pure LDA and HDA.

High density amorphous ices: disordered water towards close packing.

The structure of amorphous ice under pressure has been studied by molecular dynamics at 160 K. The starting low-density phase undergoes significant changes as the density increases, and at rho=1.51 g/cm(3) our calculated g(OO)(r) is in excellent agreement with in situ neutron diffraction data obtained at 1.

Funding growth in an age of austerity.

Everyone knows that corporate growth--true growth, not just agglomeration--springs from innovation. And the common wisdom is that companies must spend lavishly on R&D if they are to innovate at all. But in these fiscally cautious times, where every line item of every budget in every company is under intense scrutiny, many organizations are doing just the opposite.

[Geriatrics-quo vadis? The system of geriatric care].

The authors describe the current and perspective structure of geriatric care in hospital and rehabilitation units. First the specific needs of elderly patients with various medical problems (multiple morbidity) are described. Furthermore the article analyses optimised structures of geriatric care.

The quest for resilience.

In less turbulent times, executives had the luxury of assuming that business models were more or less immortal. Companies always had to work to get better, but they seldom had to get different--not at their core, not in their essence. Today, getting different is the imperative.

Structure of high-density amorphous ice under pressure.

We report in situ neutron diffraction studies of high-density amorphous ice (HDA) at 100 K at pressures up to 2.2 GPa. We find that the compression is achieved by a strong contraction ( approximately 20%) of the second neighbor coordination shell, so that at 2.

The World Bank's innovation market.

Large, tradition-bound organizations can make space for radical, low-cost (and therefore low-risk) innovations. Just ask executives at the World Bank. The story of this best practice begins in 1998, when a young new-products group at the international funding agency proposed holding an Innovation Marketplace to capture novel ideas within the Bank for alleviating poverty.

Impact of age on reference values for serum concentration of cystatin C in children.

Recently, cystatin C (cyst C) was proposed for the assessment of glomerular filtration rate, being more accurate than creatinine determination. Reference intervals for cyst C do not vary with age and sex, like creatinine values. Elevated values of cyst C were reported for pre- and full-term infants.

Analysis of allelic imbalance in patients with colorectal cancer according to stage and presence of synchronous liver metastases.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between number and location of allelic imbalances (AI) and local tumor progression according to Astler-Coller classification.

Summary Background Data: Spontaneous errors in DNA replication (i.e.

[Chronic experimental bacteremia in Yucatan micropigs].

The Yucatan micropig has been used to develop an experimental model of chronic bacteremia. This animal exhibits clinical and biological characteristics that are close to those in humans, and the pharmacokinetic behaviours of many classes of drugs in this model are similar to those in man. Six adult female were intravenously inoculated with a mean Escherichia coli inoculum of 5.

Adoption of smart cards in the medical sector: the Canadian experience.

This research evaluates the factors influencing the adoption of smart cards in the medical sector (a smart card has a micro-processor containing information about the patient: identification, emergency data (allergies, blood type, etc.), vaccination, drugs used, and the general medical record). This research was conducted after a pilot study designed to evaluate the use of such smart cards.

Pressure-induced hydrogen bonding: structure of D2S phase I'.

The full structure of the high-pressure cubic phase I' of hydrogen sulfide has been solved using neutron diffraction data. The molecules are partially rotationally disordered about the <111> axes, as in phase II at ambient pressure but with markedly greater nonuniformity of the toroidal D distribution. The changes in structure at the II-->I' transition signal the onset of significant pressure-induced hydrogen bonding.

Impact of increased intraperitoneal fill volume on tolerance and dialysis effectiveness in children.

The known relationship between peritoneal fill volume (IVP) and dialysis efficiency favors the use of an optimal IVP to enhance peritoneal dialysis (PD). Therefore, we have studied the effects of an increased IVP in consecutive stages [800, 1400, and 2000 mL/m2 of body surface area (BSA), respectively] in 8 children on chronic PD (mean age: 9 years 6 months; range: 2-16 years). Each prescribed IVP was maintained for 60 minutes of dwell time, allowing a short peritoneal equilibration test.

Bringing Silicon Valley inside.

In 1998, Silicon Valley companies produced 41 IPOs, which by January 1999 had a combined market capitalization of $27 billion--that works out to $54,000 in new wealth creation per worker in a single year. Multiply the number of employees in your company by $54,000. Did your business create that much new wealth last year? Half that amount? It's not a group of geniuses generating such riches.

Glucose-charged dialysate for children on hemodialysis: acute dialytic changes.

Glucose has been omitted from hemodialysates in the recent past. Currently, there is a tendency to include glucose in dialysates at physiological concentrations between 100 and 200 mg/dl (5.56-11.

Early assessment of transplanted liver function: lignocaine clearance test (MEGX).

The purpose of this study was to assess the value of lignocaine biotransformation into monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and conventional liver function tests in the early post-operative period as an indicator of graft function and as a diagnostic tool for complications after hepatic transplantation. Monoethylglycinexylidide formation, plasma bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), factor V index (FVI) and prothrombin time index (PTI) were measured in 71 patients undergoing 80 liver transplantations respectively at 12 (T1), 24 (T2), 48 (T3) and 72 h (T4) after liver graft revascularization. Patients were divided into two group according to the post-operative outcome.