Targeting CDC42 reduces skeletal degeneration after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Osteopenia and osteoporosis are common long-term complications of the cytotoxic conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We examined mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPCs), which include skeletal progenitors, from mice undergoing HSCT. Such MSPCs showed reduced fibroblastic colony-forming units frequency, increased DNA damage, and enhanced occurrence of cellular senescence, whereas there was a reduced bone volume in animals that underwent HSCT.

PD-1 instructs a tumor-suppressive metabolic program that restricts glycolysis and restrains AP-1 activity in T cell lymphoma.

The PDCD1-encoded immune checkpoint receptor PD-1 is a key tumor suppressor in T cells that is recurrently inactivated in T cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (T-NHLs). The highest frequencies of PDCD1 deletions are detected in advanced disease, predicting inferior prognosis. However, the tumor-suppressive mechanisms of PD-1 signaling remain unknown.

The role of extended coagulation screening in adult cranial neurosurgery.

Introduction: Postoperative hemorrhage after adult cranial neurosurgery is a serious complication with substantial morbidity and mortality.

Research Question: We investigated if an extended preoperative screening and an early treatment of previously undetected coagulopathies may decrease the risk of postoperative hemorrhage.

Methods: A prospective study cohort of patients undergoing elective cranial surgery and receiving the extended coagulatory work-up were compared to a propensity matched historical control cohort.

Keratinocyte-intrinsic BCL10/MALT1 activity initiates and amplifies psoriasiform skin inflammation.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease arising from poorly defined pathological cross-talk between keratinocytes and the immune system. BCL10 (B cell lymphoma/leukemia 10) and MALT1 (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1) are ubiquitously expressed inflammatory signaling proteins that can interact with the psoriasis susceptibility factor CARD14, but their functions in psoriasis are insufficiently understood. We report that although keratinocyte-intrinsic BCL10/MALT1 deletions completely rescue inflammatory skin pathology triggered by germline gain-of-function mutation in mice, the BCL10/MALT1 signalosome is unexpectedly not involved in the CARD14-dependent interleukin-17 receptor (IL-17R) proximal pathway.

Autophagy in mesenchymal progenitors protects mice against bone marrow failure after severe intermittent stress.

The cellular mechanisms required to ensure homeostasis of the hematopoietic niche and the ability of this niche to support hematopoiesis upon stress remain elusive. We here identify Wnt5a in Osterix+ mesenchymal progenitor and stem cells (MSPCs) as a critical factor for niche-dependent hematopoiesis. Mice lacking Wnt5a in MSPCs suffer from stress-related bone marrow (BM) failure and increased mortality.

MondoA drives malignancy in B-ALL through enhanced adaptation to metabolic stress.

Cancer cells are in most instances characterized by rapid proliferation and uncontrolled cell division. Hence, they must adapt to proliferation-induced metabolic stress through intrinsic or acquired antimetabolic stress responses to maintain homeostasis and survival. One mechanism to achieve this is reprogramming gene expression in a metabolism-dependent manner.

ABO subgroup incompatibility with severe hemolysis after consecutive allogeneic stem cell transplantations.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs) represent a curative strategy for treating hematologic malignancies yet bear dangerous and frequently life-threatening complications including the development of graft-versus-host disease. Here, we present a case of a patient that suffered from relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, a hematologic neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. During the course of his disease, the patient underwent consecutive allogeneic HSCTs, during which he developed a clinical meaningful and hitherto unreported ABO subgroup incompatibility, leading to persistent hemolysis.

Erratum: PD-1 is a haploinsufficient suppressor of T cell lymphomagenesis.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature24649.

Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in monitoring vascular complications in patients after liver transplantation - diagnostic performance compared with histopathological results.

Purpose: To analyse the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in patients with vascular complications and transplant rejection compared to histopathological results.

Materials And Methods: Our study consisted of 45 retrospectively analysed patients that underwent liver transplantations between January 1993 and December 2015 and developed post-transplant vascular complications with transplant rejection. CEUS examinations took place between September 2006 and December 2015.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) prediction of focal liver lesions in patients after liver transplantation in comparison to histopathology results.

Purpose: To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in histologic prediction of focal liver lesions after liver transplantation.

Materials And Methods: 10 focal liver lesions in 10 patients after liver transplantation were scanned using CEUS and the CEUS results were compared with the histopathological results.

Results: Among 10 focal liver lesions, 7 proofed to be histopathological benign and 3 lesions proofed to be histopathological malignant.

Vascular complications in liver transplantation: Beneficial role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the postoperative phase.

Purpose: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of vascular complications after liver transplantation in the postoperative phase.

Materials And Methods: A total of 60 patients with elevated liver function tests after liver transplantation with initial imaging studies between July 2005 and November 2015 were retrospectively analysed. CEUS and CT were compared in their diagnosis of vascular complications and CT was considered as the gold standard.

Malignancies after liver transplantation: Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).

Purpose: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of malignancies after liver transplantation.

Materials And Methods: A total of 23 patients with suspicious liver masses after liver transplantation with initial imaging series between September 2006 and September 2015 were statistically analysed. CEUS and CT were compared in their diagnosis of malignancy with CT being the gold standard.

Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the evaluation of unclear solid renal lesions.

Purpose: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of unclear renal lesions to the histopathological outcome.

Materials And Methods: A total of 36 patients with a single unclear solid renal lesion with initial imaging studies between 2005 and 2015 were included. CEUS and MRI were used for determining malignancy or benignancy and initial findings were correlated with the histopathological outcome.