Practical approach to linear endoscopic ultrasound examination of the gallbladder.

The gallbladder (GB) is a susceptible organ, prone to various pathologies that can be identified using different imaging techniques. Transabdominal ultrasound (TUS) is typically the initial diagnostic method due to its numerous well-established advantages. However, in cases of uncertainty or when a definitive diagnosis cannot be established, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging may be employed to provide more detailed information.

Biochemical Profiling and Physicochemical and Biological Valorization of Iraqi Honey: A Comprehensive Analysis.

Our study aimed to analyze five monovarietal honeys from the Salah Eddine region in Iraq, focusing on physicochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties and polyphenolic compounds. Our objective was to evaluate the strengths and qualities of Iraqi honeys, ensuring compliance with the Codex Alimentarius standard for honey. The spectrophotometric analysis included assessments of reduced sugar (75.

Biocompatible Rhamnolipid Self-Assemblies with pH-Responsive Antimicrobial Activity.

There is an urgent need for alternative antimicrobial materials due to the growing challenge of bacteria becoming resistant to conventional antibiotics. This study demonstrates the creation of a biocompatible pH-switchable antimicrobial material by combining bacteria-derived rhamnolipids (RL) and food-grade glycerol monooleate (GMO). The integration of RL into dispersed GMO particles, with an inverse-type liquid crystalline cubic structure in the core, leads to colloidally stable supramolecular materials.

Clinico-Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Egypt: A Nationwide Multicenter Study.

Background And Aims: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are the most common types of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with variable responses to traditional therapies and unpredicted prognosis. In Egypt and most developing countries, the lack of recent epidemiological and prognostic data adversely affects management strategies. We collected and analyzed data of patients with IBD from multiple centers across Egypt to evaluate patients' clinical and epidemiological characteristics.

Cleft complications: Severely rotated maxillary permanent central incisors.

The maxillary permanent central incisor (MPCI) has been reported to be rotated in up to 96% of cleft patients. A severely rotated MPCI is highly visible when smiling, drawing attention to a repaired cleft lip, and is often the main presenting complaint of a patient with cleft lip and palate attending for orthodontic treatment. The benefit of interceptive orthodontic treatment to alleviate these concerns must be weighed up against the consequences of adding to the already substantial orthodontic burden likely to be faced by these patients.

Positional factors affecting the surgical management of impacted permanent mandibular canines.

Objective: To assess which positional factors influence the decision to surgically remove or expose an impacted mandibular canine. Clinical and radiographic assessment are important considerations when treatment planning for the management of impacted mandibular canines.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Improved Purification of Human Granzyme A/B and Granulysin Using a Mammalian Expression System.

Cytotoxic lymphocytes release proteins contained within the cytoplasmic cytolytic granules after recognition of infected or tumor target cells. These cytotoxic granular proteins (namely granzymes, granulysin, and perforin) are key immunological mediators within human cellular immunity. The availability of highly purified cytotoxic proteins has been fundamental for understanding their function in immunity and mechanistic involvement in sepsis and autoimmunity.

Clinical outcomes and operational impact of a medical photography based teledermatology service with over 8,000 patients in the UK.

A new, store-and-forward, fully digitised Teledermatology (TD) pathway was designed and implemented in an urban setting for non-two-week wait routine patients. In total 8,352 new patients had a TD consultation over 37 months. Of these, 4,748 (56.

Product advertisements in orthodontic journals: Are they evidence-based?

Introduction: Previous research has suggested orthodontic advertisements are poorly supported by evidence. The primary aim of this study was to identify the type and quality of evidence supporting advertisement claims in leading orthodontic journals.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess all advertisements published between January 2015 and December 2017 in 6 major orthodontic journals.

Mandibular lateral incisor-canine transposition: A case series.

Dental transpositions are rare anomalies, which may present to the general dental practitioner or orthodontist. Transpositions occur less frequently in the mandible compared with the maxilla, with the most common mandibular transposition involving the mandibular lateral incisor and canine. The degree of displacement can vary from a relatively minor deviation to complete transposition of the mandibular lateral incisor with the adjacent canine tooth.

Diagnostic approach in TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional international survey.

Transcription factor E3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma (TFE3-RCC) has heterogenous morphologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) features.131 pathologists with genitourinary expertise were invited in an online survey containing 23 questions assessing their experience on TFE3-RCC diagnostic work-up.Fifty (38%) participants completed the survey.

Predictors of treatment decisions made by adult orthodontic patients presenting with unerupted permanent teeth.

Objective: Unerupted permanent teeth are amongst the most commonly occurring dental anomalies in adults and present unique treatment challenges. The aim of this retrospective study was to (1) identify the prevalence of adult patients with unerupted teeth attending a multidisciplinary clinic and (2) to identify predictors (age, gender, incisor and skeletal classification) which influence the patients treatment decision.

Material And Methods: Consecutive adult patients with unerupted permanent teeth attending the Joint Orthodontic-Restorative clinic were identified.

Odontogenic keratocyst: An incidental finding during an orthodontic examination.

For all orthodontic patients, a detailed clinical examination is essential to obtain the correct diagnosis before the formulation of an orthodontic treatment plan. Additional information may be required from radiographs in order to supplement this clinical examination. While orthodontists principally prescribe dental panoramic tomographs for orthodontic patients to confirm the presence, position and morphology of unerupted teeth, the absence or presence of disease within the supporting structures may be overlooked.

Prospective multi-institutional evaluation of pathologist assessment of PD-L1 assays for patient selection in triple negative breast cancer.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the PD-L1 immunohistochemical assay, SP142, as a companion test to determine eligibility for atezolizumab therapy in patients with advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) but data in lung cancer studies suggest the assay suffers from poor reproducibility. We sought to evaluate reproducibility and concordance in PD-L1 scoring across multiple pathologists. Full TNBC sections were stained with SP142 and SP263 assays and interpreted for percentage (%) immune cell (IC) staining by 19 pathologists from 14 academic institutions.

Orthodontic burden of care for patients with a cleft lip and/or palate.

Background: Patients with a cleft lip and/or palate may require multiple episodes of orthodontic treatment, e.g. before alveolar bone grafting, upper arch alignment, orthodontic camouflage and in combination with orthognathic surgery.

Production of a new platform based calixarene nanofiber for controlled release of the drugs.

The aim of this study is to develop an electrospun calixarene nanofiber based calixarene for controlled release of hydrophobic drugs. To accomplish this, we have synthesized 5,17-bis-[Methyl-N-Methyltranylate]-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene (Compound 3) of which nanofiber (F-14) was produced by electrospinning. The fabricated multilayered electrospun nanofiber was first characterized in terms of morphology and then drug loading and release kinetics were studied in different physiological pH.

Correction to: Evaluation of Prostate Needle Biopsies.

Author affiliations in chapter 4 was incorrect and it has now been corrected in this version.

Evaluation of Prostate Needle Biopsies.

The introduction of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) screening has caused a stage shift in diagnosis of prostate cancer and an increasing number of patients receiving early diagnosis. This has led to early detection of limited foci of cancer on prostate biopsy, and clinically insignificant prostate cancer at radical prostatectomy. Therefore, current methods for sampling, diagnosing and managing prostate cancer have significantly evolved in recent years.

MAGI2 is an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer.

Background: Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2 (MAGI2) promotes the activity of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Recent studies suggest that dysregulation of this signaling pathway has a role in prostate carcinogenesis. Our study aims to determine the prognostic significance of MAGI2 expression in prostate cancer.

Methylphenidate attenuates the response to cold pain but not to aversive auditory stimuli in healthy human: a double-blind randomized controlled study.

Introduction: We recently showed that the psycho-stimulant norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor methylphenidate (MP) prolonged cold pain threshold and tolerance in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to: (1) examine whether MP has antinociceptive properties in healthy men; (2) test MP's effects on responses to aversive auditory stimuli. The underlying aim was to determine whether MP exerts antinociceptive properties or more generalized, nonspecific attenuating effects on different aversive sensory modalities.

Intraoperative Pathologic Consultation on Hysterectomy Specimens for Endometrial Cancer: An Assessment of the Accuracy of Frozen Sections, "Gross-Only" Evaluations, and Obtaining Random Sections of a Grossly "Normal" Endometrium.

Objectives: Pathologic intraoperative consultation (IOC) is a common approach for segregating the subset of patients with endometrial cancer who likely require a lymphadenectomy.

Methods: We evaluate factors related to the performance and value of IOC, including the accuracy of frozen sections, "gross-only examinations," and obtaining random sections when a gross lesion is not apparent.

Results: IOC was performed by gross examination only in 17 (8%) of 250 cases, the specificity and negative predictive value of which in diagnosing cancer were 100% and 85%, respectively.

Is tumor cellularity in primary invasive breast carcinoma of prognostic significance?

Many methods of analysis to predict survival of invasive mammary carcinoma in the post-neoadjuvant setting utilize tumor cellularity alone or in combination with other tumor features. The goal of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of tumor cellularity in primary non-treated carcinoma. We used 366 cases of invasive breast carcinoma to determine invasive tumor cellularity (%) by reviewing a representative excisional tumor section and correlated this with breast cancer recurrence (BCR) and overall mortality (OM).

Core Needle Biopsy and Fine Needle Aspiration Alone or in Combination: Diagnostic Accuracy and Impact on Management of Renal Masses.

Purpose: Fine needle aspiration with and without concurrent core needle biopsy is a minimally invasive method to diagnose and assist in management of renal masses. We assessed the pathological accuracy of fine needle aspiration compared to and associated with core needle biopsy and the impact on management.

Materials And Methods: We performed a single institution, retrospective study of 342 cases from 2001 to 2015 with small and large renal masses (4 or less and greater than 4 cm, respectively).