Towards strategic interventions for global food security in 2050.

This study aims to explore global food security, focusing on major cereal crops across different Agroecological Zones (AEZs). By projecting cereal production under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, insights into the challenges for achieving global food security by 2050 are drawn. The study identifies 'critical' risks in countries like Chad, Sudan, Algeria, Somalia, and Namibia in Africa, parts of Central Asia and the Middle East (Saudi Arabia), western USA, and Australia, due to high water stress combined with severe production deficits.

Nature-based solutions as buffers against coastal compound flooding: Exploring potential framework for process-based modeling of hazard mitigation.

As coastal regions face escalating risks from flooding in a changing climate, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have garnered attention as promising adaptation measures to mitigate the destructive impacts of coastal flooding. However, the challenge of compound flooding, which involves the combined effects of multiple flood drivers, demands a deeper understanding of the efficacy of NbS against this complex phenomenon. This manuscript reviews the literature on process-based modeling of NbS for mitigating compound coastal flooding and identifies knowledge gaps to enhance future research efforts.

Establishing flood thresholds for sea level rise impact communication.

Sea level rise (SLR) affects coastal flood regimes and poses serious challenges to flood risk management, particularly on ungauged coasts. To address the challenge of monitoring SLR at local scales, we propose a high tide flood (HTF) thresholding system that leverages machine learning (ML) techniques to estimate SLR and HTF thresholds at a relatively fine spatial resolution (10 km) along the United States' coastlines. The proposed system, complementing conventional linear- and point-based estimations of HTF thresholds and SLR rates, can estimate these values at ungauged stretches of the coast.

A framework for coastal flood hazard assessment under sea level rise: Application to the Persian Gulf.

Coastal areas are of paramount importance due to their pivotal role in facilitating a wide range of socio-economic activities and providing vital environmental services. These areas, as the meeting points of land and sea, face significant risks of flooding due to the ongoing rise in sea levels caused by climate change. Additionally, they are susceptible to extreme events like king tides and large waves in the future.

Block-level vulnerability assessment reveals disproportionate impacts of natural hazards across the conterminous United States.

The global increase in the frequency, intensity, and adverse impacts of natural hazards on societies and economies necessitates comprehensive vulnerability assessments at regional to national scales. Despite considerable research conducted on this subject, current vulnerability and risk assessments are implemented at relatively coarse resolution, and they are subject to significant uncertainty. Here, we develop a block-level Socio-Economic-Infrastructure Vulnerability (SEIV) index that helps characterize the spatial variation of vulnerability across the conterminous United States.

Perspective on uncertainty quantification and reduction in compound flood modeling and forecasting.

This perspective discusses the importance of characterizing, quantifying, and accounting for various sources of uncertainties involved in different layers of hydrometeorological and hydrodynamic model simulations as well as their complex interactions and cascading effects (e.g., uncertainty propagation) in forecasting compound flooding (CF).

Extreme heat events heighten soil respiration.

In the wake of climate change, extreme events such as heatwaves are considered to be key players in the terrestrial biosphere. In the past decades, the frequency and severity of heatwaves have risen substantially, and they are projected to continue to intensify in the future. One key question is therefore: how do changes in extreme heatwaves affect the carbon cycle? Although soil respiration (Rs) is the second largest contributor to the carbon cycle, the impacts of heatwaves on Rs have not been fully understood.

Compounding effects of sea level rise and fluvial flooding.

Sea level rise (SLR), a well-documented and urgent aspect of anthropogenic global warming, threatens population and assets located in low-lying coastal regions all around the world. Common flood hazard assessment practices typically account for one driver at a time (e.g.