Fluorescent Phosphorus Dendrimers: Towards Material and Biological Applications.

Fluorescent derivatives of phosphorhydrazone dendrimers are reviewed. Diverse types of fluorophores have been used, such as pyrene, naphthol, anthracene, dansyl, diketone, phthalocyanine, maleimide, julolidine, rhodamine, fluorescein, or fluorene derivatives. The fluorescent groups can be located either as terminal groups on the surface, at the core, linked to the core (off-center), or to the branches of the dendritic structure.

Fluorescent phosphorus dendrimers excited by two photons: synthesis, two-photon absorption properties and biological uses.

Different types of two-photon absorbing (TPA) fluorophores have been synthesized and specifically functionalized to be incorporated in the structure of phosphorus dendrimers (highly branched macromolecules). The TPA fluorophores were included in the periphery as terminal functions, in the core, or in the branches of the dendrimer structures, respectively. Also the functionalization in two compartments (core and surface, or branches and surface) was achieved.

The specific functionalization of cyclotriphosphazene for the synthesis of smart dendrimers.

Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene is an old compound which affords very new properties in the field of dendrimers. Indeed, it can be used as a branching point for the rapid synthesis of highly dense dendrimers, but also for the synthesis of dendrimers having precisely one function different from all the others. These types of dendrimers are useful in the field of materials, affording highly reusable catalysts, chemical sensors, or supports for cell cultures.

HIV-antigens charged on phosphorus dendrimers as tools for tolerogenic dendritic cells-based immunotherapy.

Aims: The objective was to study if cationic phosphorus dendrimers can be used as DC-based vaccine or adjuvant in anti-HIV-1 vaccine development when associated with HIV-1 derived peptides.

Materials & Methods: The HIV derived peptides uptake in DC and the phenotype of iDC and mDC were studied using Flow Cytometry analysis. Migration of mDC was evaluated by an in vitro chemotaxis assay.

Validation of a generation 4 phosphorus-containing polycationic dendrimer for gene delivery against HIV-1.

Gene therapy, in which oligomeric genetic material is carried into cells by nano-sized gene delivery vehicles to interfere with gene expression, represents a promising approach for preventive therapy against HIV/AIDS pandemic. Herein, we evaluate the usefulness of a phosphorus-containing dendrimer G4(NH+Et2Cl-)96 as a delivery agent of ODNs and siRNAs. G4(NH+Et2Cl-)96 formed stable complexes with ODNs or siRNAs and exhibited very low cytotoxicity in Sup T1 cells or PBMC.

Synthesis of dye/fluorescent functionalized dendrons based on cyclotriphosphazene.

Functionalized phenols based on tyramine were synthesized in order to be selectively grafted on to hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, affording a variety of functionalized dendrons of type AB(5). The B functions comprised fluorescent groups (dansyl) or dyes (dabsyl), whereas the A function was provided by either an aldehyde or an amine. The characterization of these dendrons is reported.

Hierarchically porous nanostructures through phosphonate-metal alkoxide condensation and growth using functionalized dendrimeric building blocks.

Controlled titanium alkoxide mineralization in the presence of phosphonated, dendrimeric nano-building blocks provides a new family of hierarchically porous dendrimer-bridged titanium dioxide materials.

Two-dimensional polymeric [Hg(4)(μ(2)-I)(6)I(2)(μ(2)-C(4)S(6))](n).

The title compound, poly[(μ(2)-2H,5H-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-d][1,3]di-thiole-2,5-dithione)hexa-μ(2)-iodido-diiodidotetra-mercury(II)], [Hg(4)I(8)(C(4)S(6))](n), represents the first example of a coordination polymer assembled by the α,α-C(4)S(6) dithione ligand. The Hg(II) ions are four-coordinated in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry, the coordination demand being satisfied either by four bridging iodide ligands or by three iodide ligands (one terminal and two bridging) and a thio-carbonyl S atom. Due to the bridging nature of the dithione ligand, the coordination polymer has a two-dimensional structure, built up of undulated layers parallel to (001).

Multicharged and/or water-soluble fluorescent dendrimers: properties and uses.

The fluorescence of water-soluble dendritic compounds can be due to the whole structure or to fluorophores used as core, as peripheral groups, or as branches. Highly sophisticated precisely defined structures with other functional groups usable for material or biological purposes have been synthesised, but many recent examples have shown that dendrimers can be used as versatile platforms for statistically linking various types of functional groups.

Synthesis and reactivity of silylated tetrathiafulvalenes.

Novel organosilylated tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) possessing Si-H or Si-Si bonds have been synthesised. The crystal structures of several derivatives have been determined by X-ray diffraction, including that of dimeric (Si2Me4)(TTF)2 (11) incorporating a diatomic SiMe2-SiMe2 linker. Cyclic voltammetry measurements in all cases show two oxidation waves.

Syntheses, structures, and photophysical properties of mono- and dinuclear sulfur-rich gold(I) complexes.

The dinuclear gold complexes [{Au(PPh 3)} 2(mu- dmid)] ( 1) ( dmid = 1,3-dithiole-2-one-4,5-dithiolate) and [{Au(PPh 3)} 2(mu- dddt)] ( 2) ( dddt = 5,6-dihydro-1,4-dithiine-2,3-dithiolate) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Both complexes exhibit intramolecular aurophilic interactions with Au..

A new and convenient method for the synthesis of strong non-ionic bases.

Various strong non-ionic phosphazene bases were obtained by a new, efficient and very simple method involving the lithium phosphonium azayldiide Ph3P=NLi as a precursor.