Incorporation of "Artificial Intelligence" for Objective Pain Assessment: A Comprehensive Review.

Pain is a significant health issue, and pain assessment is essential for proper diagnosis, follow-up, and effective management of pain. The conventional methods of pain assessment often suffer from subjectivity and variability. The main issue is to understand better how people experience pain.

Gephyrin and Genetic Polymorphisms in Patients with Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy.

Purpose: Gephyrin () is an essential protein in the regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic density and polymorphism in the corresponding gene may have a role in the development of pharmacoresistant epilepsy (PRE). For the first time, we aimed to evaluate the association of rs928553T/C variants with PRE susceptibility. Moreover, we have analyzed the genetic polymorphism affecting "rs12782374G/A" in the same population to detect the effect of SNP on the drug-metabolizing ability of patients with PRE.

Construction and Standardization of Dementia Arabic Scale.

Purpose: Validated diagnostic scales for dementia in Arabic are still scarce. The aim of this study is to construct a standardized dementia scale for dementia diagnosis among the Arabic-speaking population.

Patients And Methods: Construction of the Dementia Arabic Scale (DAS) was done, followed by evaluation of content validity.

Construction of an Arabic computerized battery for cognitive rehabilitation of children with specific learning disabilities.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to design an Arabic computerized battery of cognitive skills for training children with specific learning disabilities (SLD).

Subjects And Methods: Nineteen students from fourth grade primary schools in Assiut, Egypt, who were previously diagnosed with SLD, agreed to participate in the rehabilitation program. The study passed through four stages: first stage, detailed analysis of the cognitive profile of students with SLD (n=19), using a previously constructed diagnostic cognitive skill battery, to identify deficits in their cognitive skills; second stage, construction of an Arabic computerized battery for cognitive training of students with SLD; third stage, implementation of the constructed training program for the students, each tailored according to his/her previously diagnosed cognitive skill deficit/deficits; and fourth stage, post-training re-evaluation of academic achievement and cognitive skills' performance.

Clinical and biochemical study of d-serine metabolism among schizophrenia patients.

Background: Schizophrenia is a typical -methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) hypofunction disorder. Decreased d-serine (d-Ser) levels in the periphery occur in schizophrenia and may reflect decreased availability of d-Ser to activate NMDA-R in the brain.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the role of d-Ser metabolism in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia via biochemical assays and correlates, the serum level of d-Ser, d-serine racemase (SR) (responsible for its formation from l-serine [l-Ser]) and d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) (responsible for its catabolism), among different clinical types of schizophrenia patients.

Construction of standardized Arabic questionnaires for screening neurological disorders (dementia, stroke, epilepsy, movement disorders, muscle and neuromuscular junction disorders).

A screening questionnaire is an important tool for early diagnosis of neurological disorders, and for epidemiological research. This screening instrument must be both feasible and valid. It must be accepted by the community and must be sensitive enough.

Spectrum of epilepsy - prevalence, impact, and treatment gap: an epidemiological study from Al-Quseir, Egypt.

Background: Epidemiology continues to be an important research tool in the study of epilepsy and related disorders, providing a better understanding of the frequency, causes, and natural history of the disorder.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of epilepsy in Al-Quseir, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, and its magnitude of treatment gap.

Methods: The study was part of a door-to-door study, including every door, to screen all inhabitants in Al-Quseir (33,818 inhabitants) by three specialists of neurology and 15 female social workers (for demographic data collection) using a standardized screening questionnaire.

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Al Quseir city, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and disabling disorder with considerable social effects and economic sequelae. It is one of the major causes of disability in young adults.

Objectives: This study aimed at detecting the prevalence of MS among the population of Al Quseir city.

Epidemiology and clinical presentation of stroke in Upper Egypt (desert area).

Background: Stroke is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Four out of five strokes occur in the low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to find lifetime prevalence of stroke in Upper Egypt and to identify clinical presentations and possible risk factors of stroke in this population.

Cerebral palsy in Al-Quseir City, Egypt: prevalence, subtypes, and risk factors.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most frequent cause of motor handicap. The present door-to-door survey was conducted in Al-Quseir City, Egypt, to investigate the epidemiology of CP. All inhabitants were screened by three neurologists.

Epileptic and cognitive changes in children with cerebral palsy: an Egyptian study.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most frequent cause of motor handicap among children.

Aim Of The Study: We aim to study the relation of epilepsy in children with CP to various risk factors that affect the development of seizures.

Patients And Methods: In a cross-sectional, descriptive, population-based, case-control study, 98 children with CP (48 children with CP with epilepsy, and 50 children with CP without epilepsy) were compared with 180 children without CP or seizures.

Prevalence of Parkinson's disease and other types of Parkinsonism in Al Kharga district, Egypt.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder in older people. The prevalence of PD varies among ethnic and geographic groups around the world. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of PD and other types of Parkinsonism in persons aged ≥40 years in the Al Kharga district of Egypt.

Prevalence of dementia in Al-Quseir city, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt.

Dementia is one of the most important public health problems as a result of the rapid increase in the number of elderly persons worldwide. Improvement of prevention strategies and caring for people with dementia should be undertaken. We performed a door-to-door study to screen all subjects aged 50 years and older (n=4,329 of 33,285 inhabitants) in Al-Quseir city.

Epidemiology of non-fatal cerebrovascular stroke and transient ischemic attacks in Al Quseir, Egypt.

Background And Purpose: Stroke is a medical emergency that can cause permanent neurological damage, complications, and disability. We aim to determine the epidemiology of non-fatal cerebrovascular stroke (CVS) and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) in Al Quseir City, Red Sea, Egypt.

Methods: The total population (n=33,285) was screened through a door to door study by three specialists of neurology and 15 female social workers (for demographic data collection).

Epidemiology of nonfatal stroke and transient ischemic attack in Al-Kharga District, New Valley, Egypt.

Background: Stroke is a medical emergency. Nonfatal stroke may cause permanent neurologic damage, complications, and disability. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of nonfatal stroke in Al-Kharga District, New Valley, Egypt.

Prevalence of spinal cord disorders in Al-Quseir City, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt.

The knowledge of the prevalence of spinal cord disorders (SCD) is important to understand specific causes in each part of the worldand to allow to potentially adapt health care and public policy including law enforcement to the main causes. SCD have important personal, biopsychological, socio-economic, short-term and long-term consequences. An SCD is the underlying cause for 1 of every 40 patients admitted to a major trauma centre.

Prevalence of trigeminal neuralgia in Al-Quseir city (Red sea Governorate), Egypt.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia or tic douloureux is sometimes described as the most excruciating pain known to humanity.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of trigeminal neuralgia among the population of Al-Quseir city.

Methods: This study forms a part of door to door survey of major neurological disorders in Al-Quseir city, Red sea governorate, Egypt.

Epidemiology of uncontrolled epilepsy in the Al-Kharga District, New Valley, Egypt.

Background: Despite advances in treating epilepsy, uncontrolled epilepsy continues to be a major clinical problem. Therefore, this work aimed to study the epidemiology of uncontrolled epilepsy in Al-Kharga District, New Valley.

Methods: This study was carried out in 3 stages via door-to-door screening of the total population (62,583 persons).

Impact of nocturnal sleep deprivation on declarative memory retrieval in students at an orphanage: a psychoneuroradiological study.

Background And Methods: This study investigated the effects of sleep deprivation on total and partial (early and late) declarative memory and activation in the areas of the brain involved in these activities. The study included two experiments. Experiment 1 included 40 male residents of an orphanage aged 16-19 years, who were divided into four groups (n = 10 each) and subjected to total sleep deprivation, normal sleep, early-night sleep deprivation, or late-night sleep deprivation.

Epidemiology of epilepsy in New Valley Governorate, Al Kharga District, Egypt.

Unlabelled: Epilepsy is one of the serious neurological disorders which results in profound morbidity and mortality. Although epilepsy has no geographical boundaries, understanding cultural, social, and economic backgrounds is a very important step for interpretation of its epidemiological characteristics. This work aims to study the epidemiological profile of epilepsy in New Valley Governorate and to estimate its magnitude of treatment gap.

Prevalence of dementia in Al Kharga District, New Valley Governorate, Egypt.

Background: With aging, there is a parallel increase in the prevalence of dementia worldwide. The aim of this work is to determine the prevalence of dementia among the population of Al Kharga District, New Valley, Egypt.

Methods: Screening of all subjects aged ≥50 years (n = 8,173 out of 62,583 inhabitants) was done through a door-to-door survey by 3 neurologists, using a short standardized Arabic screening test and a modified Mini-Mental State Examination.

Population-based study of acquired cerebellar ataxia in Al-Kharga district, New Valley, Egypt.

Background: The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence and etiology of acquired ataxia in Al-Kharga district, New Valley, Egypt.

Methods: A population-based study of acquired ataxia was conducted in a defined geographical region with a total population of 62,583. A door-to-door survey was used to identify cases of acquired cerebellar ataxia.

Epidemiology of major neurological disorders project in Al Kharga district, New Valley, Egypt.

Background/methods: A door-to-door ('every door') study was carried out to assess the incidence and prevalence rates of epilepsy, stroke, Bell's palsy and cerebral palsy, as well as the prevalence of dementia, extrapyramidal syndromes, muscle and neuromuscular disorders, cerebellar ataxia and primary nocturnal enuresis among the urban and rural populations of Al Kharga district, New Valley, Egypt. The study was carried out in 3 stages from June 1, 2005 to May 31, 2009. A door-to-door screening including every door was carried out using a standardized questionnaire, which was administered by 3 neurologists to all inhabitants (62,583) of Al Kharga district.

Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in El-Kharga District-New Valley (Egypt).

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most frequent cause of motor handicap among children. The present door to door (every door) study was conducted in El-Kharga District-New Valley to estimate the epidemiology of CP among children. Each child was subjected to complete medical and neurological examination to detect cases with CP.

Door-to-door survey of major neurological disorders in Al Kharga District, New Valley, Egypt: methodological aspects.

Epidemiology of neurological disorders is still lacking in Egypt. The door-to-door method is the most suitable one to screen neurological disorders in our country. Over a 4-year period (June 1, 2005 to May 31, 2009), screening and examination had been carried out to ascertain the incidence and prevalence rate of epilepsy, stroke, cerebral palsy and Bell's palsy, as well as the prevalence of dementia, extrapyramidal syndromes, muscle and neuromuscular disorders, cerebellar ataxia and primary nocturnal enuresis among the urban and rural population of Al Kharga District, New Valley, Egypt.