Prevalence and Risk Factors for Swallowing Dysfunction in Patients With Laryngomalacia Treated Medically and Surgically.

Objective: To identify the prevalence, pattern, and nature of swallowing dysfunction (SwD) in a consecutive cohort of patients with laryngomalacia (LM), and to determine factors associated with a higher burden of SwD.

Study Design: This was a retrospective review of consecutive patients diagnosed with LM by 2 pediatric otolaryngologists between 2013 and 2022 and a minimum of 3-month follow-up.

Setting: Tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology referral center.

Dysphagia is a strong predictor of revision supraglottoplasty in pediatric laryngomalacia.

Background: There is growing research on the association between swallowing dysfunction and laryngomalacia. Supraglottoplasty is the surgical intervention used to treat laryngomalacia, however a portion of patients who undergo this procedure will require a revision surgery. Predictive risk factors for revision supraglottoplasty in patients with laryngomalacia are not well understood, and previous studies failed to evaluate swallowing systematically.

Iatrogenic pediatric unilateral vocal cord paralysis after cardiac surgery: a review.

Unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) is a growing area of research in pediatrics as it spans across many specialties including otolaryngology, cardiology, general surgery, respirology, and speech language pathology. Iatrogenic injury is the most common cause of UVCP, however there is a wide range of data reporting the prevalence, symptom burden, and best treatment practice for this condition. The literature included systematic reviews and meta-analyses, retrospective studies and limited prospective studies.

International pediatric otolaryngology group (IPOG) consensus on approach to aspiration.

Objective: To provide recommendations for a comprehensive management approach for infants and children presenting with symptoms or signs of aspiration.

Methods: Three rounds of surveys were sent to authors from 23 institutions worldwide. The threshold for the critical level of agreement among respondents was set at 80 %.

Patterns of Pharyngeal Obstruction and Collapse in Obese and Nonobese Children on Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy.

Objective: (1) Compare proportions of collapse, obstruction, or mixed instances on drug-induced sleep endoscopy findings of obese and nonobese children with obstructive sleep disordered breathing. (2) Determine the frequency of collapse in general between both groups.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study.

A novel sleep oximetry scoring tool for pediatric laryngomalacia.

Objective: Despite being a more accessible and less resource intensive modality than polysomnography, the utility of sleep oximetry (SO) in pediatric laryngomalacia (LM) is not well understood or validated. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the utility of overnight home based SO in children with LM by developing and internally validating the Modified Laryngomalacia Oximetry Score (MLOS) scoring system to triage severity and guide clinical decision making.

Methods: We evaluated pediatric patients with a diagnosis of LM at our tertiary referral centre.

Properties of the Nasal Cartilage, from Development to Adulthood: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Nasal septum cartilage is a hyaline cartilage that provides structural support to the nasal cavity and midface. Currently, information on its cellular and mechanical properties is widely dispersed and has often been inferred from studies conducted on other cartilage types such as the knee. A detailed understanding of nasal cartilage properties is important for several biological, clinical, and engineering disciplines.

Paediatric anterior larynx: presentations, associations and a review of the literature.

Objective: The literature on the entity of the anterior larynx (AL) is restricted to little evidence on the difficulty encountered in exposing the larynx for intubation, perioperative morbidity and mortality, and scant reports on its prevalence in general adults and children. Here, we describe the prevalence of AL in a series of children presenting with aerodigestive symptoms and explore its association with functional abnormalities, congenital and structural anomalies or conditions.

Setting: Tertiary paediatric centre.

Systematic review of validated parent-reported questionnaires assessing swallowing dysfunction in otherwise healthy infants and toddlers.

Objectives: There has been increasing interest in the management of oropharyngeal swallowing dysfunction (SwD). Its prevalence, particularly in otherwise healthy infants and toddlers (OHITs), is underappreciated. As the standard diagnostic tests are either invasive or scarce, valid parent-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires could play a pivotal role in the understanding and managing SwD in this group.

A national study of choanal atresia in tertiary care centers in Canada - part II: clinical management.

Background: To evaluate the clinical management of choanal atresia (CA) in tertiary centers across Canada.

Methods: Multi-centre case series involving six tertiary care pediatric hospitals across Canada. Retrospective chart review of patients born between 1980 and 2010 diagnosed with choanal atresia to a participating center.

A national study of choanal atresia in tertiary care centers in Canada - part I: clinical presentation.

Background: To evaluate the clinical presentation of choanal atresia (CA) in tertiary centers across Canada.

Methods: Multi-centre case series involving six tertiary care pediatric hospitals across Canada. Retrospective chart review of patients born between 1980 and 2010 diagnosed with CA at a participating center.

What are parents' perceptions related to barriers in diagnosing swallowing dysfunction in children? A grounded theory approach.

Objectives: Swallowing dysfunction (SwD) is under-reported in otherwise healthy infants and toddlers (OHITs). The identification of parental perceptions of factors that may hinder the diagnosis could help clinicians manage these children in a more expeditious manner. This study investigated the barriers to diagnosing SwD, as reported by the families.

Prevalence of maxillary sinus hypoplasia and association with variations in the sinonasal complex: a cone beam CT study.

Objective: Understanding of maxillary sinus hypoplasia (MSH) and associated sinonasal variants is paramount to the diagnostic and therapeutic success of maxillary sinus and maxillary dental implant surgery. The purpose of this work was to explore the prevalence of MSH, frequency of mucosal thickening, and anatomical variations in the sinonasal complex.

Methods: Retrospective case-control design based on cone beam CT images of dental patients with MSH and matched for age and gender.

Parent-Reported Outcome Questionnaire for Swallowing Dysfunction in Healthy Infants and Toddlers: Construction and Content Validation.

Objectives: There is limited epidemiological information on swallowing dysfunction (SwD) in otherwise healthy infants and toddlers (OHITs). Cost, invasiveness, expertise, and resources constrain the repeatability and utility of instrumental diagnostic tests. A parent-reported outcomes (PRO) tool has the potential to mitigate these disadvantages.

The prevalence of swallowing dysfunction in children with laryngomalacia: a systematic review.

Objectives: Laryngomalacia (LM) is commonly diagnosed in infants and children with upper aerodigestive symptoms. In the literature, the focus has been on the respiratory impairment, with fewer studies addressing swallowing dysfunction (SwD). The objective of this study is to systematically review the literature for evidence on the prevalence of SwD in children diagnosed with LM.

Competency-Based Assessment Tool for Pediatric Esophagoscopy: International Modified Delphi Consensus.

Objectives/hypothesis: Create a competency-based assessment tool for pediatric esophagoscopy with foreign body removal.

Study Design: Blinded modified Delphi consensus process.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

Injection augmentation and endoscopic repair of type 1 laryngeal clefts: development of a management algorithm.

Objectives: To describe indications for injection augmentation (IA), endoscopic repair (ER) and conservative methods for the management of type 1 laryngeal cleft (LC1) and propose a management algorithm. We also aimed to compare success of IA and ER and determine independent predictors of treatment failure.

Methods: Retrospective study of patients diagnosed with LC1 at a Pediatric Otolaryngology referral centre between 2004 and 2016.

Validity of laryngomalacia classification systems: A multi-institutional agreement study.

Objectives: To determine the agreement of paediatric otolaryngologists on classifying laryngomalacia (LM).

Design: Intra- and interobserver agreement study of two classification systems.

Setting: Three tertiary referral paediatric centres.

The impact of bilateral endoscopic inferior turbinoplasty with or without adenoidectomy on the quality of life of children: a retrospective case series study.

Background: Inferior turbinoplasty (IT) and adenoidectomy (Ad) are frequently resorted to in children with chronic rhinitis (CR) refractory to medical therapy. The aim of this study is to document the long-term improvement in quality of life (QOL) in children with CR following endoscopic IT with or without Ad.

Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted.

Pharyngeal dysfunction associated with early and late onset sleep disordered breathing in children.

Objective: To compare the frequency and type of diagnoses associated with pharyngeal dysfunction (PD) in children presenting with early versus late onset sleep disordered breathing (SDB).

Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study. A consecutive series of children ≤3 years old who underwent management for SDB were retrospectively identified from a prospectively kept surgical database.

The Therapeutic Effect of the Combination of Intratumor Injection of Bleomycin and Electroresection/Electrocautery on the Hemangiomas in Hypopharynx and Larynx Through Suspension Laryngoscopy.

Objectives: The treatment of hemangiomas in the hypopharynx and larynx can be challenging and stressful because of the high tumor recurrence rate. The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of the combination of intratumor injection of bleomycin and electroresection/electrocautery on the hemangiomas in the hypopharynx and larynx through suspension laryngoscopy.

Methods: With patients under general anesthesia, the hemangiomas were fully exposed through suspension laryngoscopy.