Context Matters: Assessing the Association Between Area Deprivation and the Severity of Injury and Types of Domestic Violence Victimization Among Women.

Objectives: To analyze the association between social determinants of health (SDOH), as measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and the severity of injury and types of domestic violence (DV) victimization among women (≥18 years of age) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Methods: Neighborhood ADI data from the American Community Survey (2014-2018) were merged with Milwaukee Police Department DV data (2013-2017). ADI included multiple SDOH domains (education, employment, income/poverty, and housing quality).

Significant differences in femoral torsion values depending on the CT measurement technique.

Introduction: This study compared the feasibility of six different CT-based measurement techniques for establishing an indication for derotational osteotomy in the cases of patellar instability or femoral fracture.

Materials And Methods: CT scans of 52 single human cadaver femora were measured using six different torsion measurement techniques (described by Waidelich, Murphy, and Yoshioka on transverse images and Hernandez, Jarrett, and Yoshioka on oblique images). All measurements were performed by four observers twice to assess intraobserver and interobserver agreement.

Screening and intervention for intimate partner violence in healthcare settings: creating sustainable system-level programs.

Among the barriers to routine screening for intimate partner violence (IPV) are time constraints, a lack of protocols and policies, and departmental philosophies of care that may conflict with IPV screening recommendations. To address these barriers, systems-level interventions are needed; in this article, we describe one model that may overcome these obstacles. We discuss how this systemic approach may best be implemented in both out-patient clinics and emergency departments (EDs) and note that evidence for its success will be required.

Achieving safety and integrity in conducting research with intimate partner violence survivors.

In their paper, Burge et al. (see record 2014-23812-001) describe an innovative methodology for studying real-time antecedents to intimate partner violence (IPV), as well as the methods employed to ensure the safety of research participants. Over a 12-week timespan, 200 women in moderately violent relationships were asked to make daily phone calls, using a password-protected, interactive voice response system, to provide information about new violence and abuse, and the circumstances that surrounded it.

Neighborhood environment and intimate partner violence: a systematic review.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important global public health problem, affecting women across the life span and increasing risk for a number of unfavorable health outcomes. Typically conceptualized as a private form of violence, most research has focused on individual-level risk markers. Recently, more scholarly attention has been paid to the role that the residential neighborhood environment may play in influencing the occurrence of IPV.

Characteristics of the residential neighborhood environment differentiate intimate partner femicide in urban versus rural settings.

Purpose: A growing body of work examines the association between neighborhood environment and intimate partner violence (IPV). As in the larger literature examining the influence of place context on health, rural settings are understudied and urban and rural residential environments are rarely compared. In addition, despite increased attention to the linkages between neighborhood environment and IPV, few studies have examined the influence of neighborhood context on intimate partner femicide (IPF).

Retinyl ester formation by lecithin: retinol acyltransferase is a key regulator of retinoid homeostasis in mouse embryogenesis.

The developing mammalian embryo is entirely dependent on the maternal circulation for its supply of retinoids (vitamin A and its metabolites). The mechanisms through which mammalian developing tissues maintain adequate retinoid levels in the face of suboptimal or excessive maternal dietary vitamin A intake have not been established. We investigated the role of retinyl ester formation catalyzed by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in regulating retinoid homeostasis during embryogenesis.

The development and evaluation of community health competencies for family medicine.

Background: There is an increasing emphasis on teaching community-responsive care and population health in medical education. This focus requires a multidimensional perspective on community health that examines the determinants, ranges, and variations of health status and disease in the community as a whole.

Description: The Department of Family and Community Medicine at the Medical College of Wisconsin sought to strengthen the community health curriculum in its residency programs by developing a core set of competencies in community health as well as a service-learning model to teach residents about community needs and strengths.

Preparing the next generation of physicians: medical school and residency-based intimate partner violence curriculum and evaluation.

Medical schools and postgraduate residency programs have largely included intimate partner violence (IPV) in their curricula. There is presently disagreement on the optimal model for implementing such training and the amount of time to be devoted to IPV. There is considerable overlap in the general content and teaching methods that focus on enhancing medical knowledge, professional attitudes, and clinical skills for asking about and responding to patient reports of IPV.

Molecular and pharmacological properties of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be coaxed to differentiate into specific cell types, including cardiomyocyte-like cells. These cells express cardiac-specific markers and display functional similarities to their adult counterparts. Based on these properties, hESC-derived cardiomyocytes have the potential to be extremely useful in various in vitro applications and to provide the opportunity for cardiac cell replacement therapies.

Typology of reactions to intimate partner violence among men and women arrested for partner violence.

This study examined behavioral and emotional responses to partner-initiated violence reported by men and women court-ordered to domestic violence counseling. Respondents provided Likert-type ratings of behavioral and emotional responses to their partners' initiated violence. Cluster analysis to determine heterogeneity of emotional and behavioral responses resulted in a three-cluster solution.

We've had training, now what? Qualitative analysis of barriers to domestic violence screening and referral in a health care setting.

The present study assesses barriers to identification and referral of domestic violence (DV) victims by staff at a health care institution following a 3-hr DV training program in which 752 health care providers participated. Focus groups are conducted with staff in hospital departments that serve a high volume of women. Responses to focus group questions identify system-wide and individual hospital department barriers.

Domestic violence among male and female patients seeking emergency medical services.

Gender differences among a cohort of injured patients seeking emergency medical services were examined with respect to their experiences as perpetrators and/or victims of domestic violence. Contextual issues, including violence initiation, emotional and behavioral responses to partner-initiated violence, and injury frequency and severity were analyzed. Women reported male partner-initiated violence more frequently than men reported female partner-initiated violence.

Men's and women's use of intimate partner violence in clinical samples: toward a gender-sensitive analysis.

Early research with nationally representative samples suggested that women reported initiating violence as often as men. Such research has been criticized as focusing only on participation rates, and not assessing gender differences in impact, context, and motivation for using partner violence. Furthermore, research with nationally representative samples has been largely a-theoretical and may lack relevance to those working with clinical samples.

Pathways of vitamin A delivery to the embryo: insights from a new tunable model of embryonic vitamin A deficiency.

Circulating retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) are found predominantly as retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which transports retinol from liver stores to target tissues, or as retinyl ester incorporated in lipoproteins of dietary origin. The transport of retinoids from maternal to fetal circulation is poorly understood, especially under conditions of inadequate dietary vitamin A intake. Here we present RBP-/- mice as a tunable model of embryonic vitamin A deficiency.

The early days of IVF outside the UK.

In this article the history of IVF in geographical regions outside the UK are traced by pioneers of that time. Following the birth of Louise Brown in 1978, live births after IVF occurred in Australia in 1980, in the USA in 1981 and in Sweden and France in 1982. Following the first IVF birth in Australia, the Government of Victoria established a review of IVF research and practice which led to the proclamation of the Infertility (Medical Procedures) Act 1984, the first legislation to regulate IVF and its associated human embryo research.

The antiprogesterone Org 31710 inhibits human blastocyst-endometrial interactions in vitro.

Objective: To investigate the effect of the anti-P Org 31710 on human blastocyst attachment to cultured endometrial epithelial cells.

Design: Experimental in vitro study.

Setting: University hospital.

Avoidance of multiple pregnancy by use of single embryo transfer.

The benefits of single embryo transfer (SET) for both mother and child are evident. Already twin pregnancies constitute a relatively serious problem exemplified by the incidence of cerebral palsy, which will increase significantly as well as a risk for premature birth. Selective embryo reduction in countries where this is allowed may be one way to acutely solve the situation.

Human blastocysts for the development of embryonic stem cells.

Establishment of human embryonic stem cells (hES) from surplus human IVF embryos has been successful when both fresh and frozen-thawed cleavage stage embryos have been cultured to the blastocyst stage. This study reports the characteristics of the starting material, the blastocysts, for hES cell lines that were first derived at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital in 1999. Twenty-two hES cell lines were derived by Cellartis AB from 114 blastocysts, giving an overall success rate of 19.