Pneumocephalus resulting from traumatic pneumothorax and brachial plexus avulsion.

Background: Traumatic pneumocephalus is commonly encountered after basal skull fractures and rarely associated with blunt chest trauma. Here, we report a case of pneumocephalus caused by traumatic pneumothorax and brachial plexus avulsion.

Case Presentation: A 20-year-old male was admitted to our hospital following a motorcycle accident with complete paralysis of the right upper limb.

Penetrating cardiac injury caused by multiple rib fractures following high-energy trauma: Usefulness of the exploratory video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Background: Penetrating cardiac injuries are usually fatal and associated with poor survival rates.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old man was injured in a motor vehicle accident and suffered from left hemothorax and multiple rib fractures near the heart. A comprehensive assessment raised suspicions of lacerated pericardium and myocardial injury.

Time dependency and unique etiology of barotrauma in COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study with landmark analysis and pathological approach.

Background: Barotrauma frequently occurs in coronavirus disease 2019. Previous studies have reported barotrauma to be a mortality-risk factor; however, its time-dependent nature and pathophysiology are not elucidated. To investigate the time-dependent characteristics and the etiology of coronavirus disease 2019-related-barotrauma.

Predictive performance of PD-L1 tumor proportion score for nivolumab response evaluated using archived specimens in patients with non-small cell lung cancer experiencing a postoperative recurrence.

Objectives: Postoperative recurrence in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a major issue for life expectancy. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells is important in the prognosis of NSCLC. However, the predictive ability of PD-L1 evaluated with archived surgical specimens for nivolumab treatment have remained unknown.

Ringed fluorodeoxyglucose uptake predicted poor prognosis after resection of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma.

Background: Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is a relatively rare and poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features including programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression status in patients with PPC who underwent curative resection.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 29 consecutive patients who had undergone anatomical lung resections for PPC.

Chest wall pseudotumor: a case of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection.

Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are increasing worldwide, making them an international public health problem. Surgical management is often indicated for localized infectious disease; however, most surgeons are unaware of the potential risks of transmission during surgery.

Case Presentation: An 88-year-old Asian female was referred to our hospital for a tumor in the right lateral thoracic region.

Study of uterine kinetics in nonpregnant women using cine-mode magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate the uterine kinetics in each phase of the menstrual cycle when observed in detail using cine-mode magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of sagittal and transverse plane images.

Methods: Seven volunteers with a history of multiple natural pregnancies and deliveries were enrolled from January 2017 to May 2017. The kinetic parameters (depth, frequency, and direction) of uterine muscle contractions were evaluated in cine-mode MRI.

Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis: Pulmonary Carcinoid Metastasizing to Solitary Fibrous Tumor.

BACKGROUND Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is an uncommon phenomenon in which a primary tumor metastasizes into another tumor. CASE REPORT An 81-year-old Asian woman was referred to our hospital for evaluation and treatment of a solid mass in the right middle lung lobe that had rapidly enlarged for 1.5 years compared to that observed over the last 5 years.

Association Between Formalin Fixation Time and Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background/aim: The expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) may be associated with tissue formalin fixation time in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples. We investigated the association between the PD-L1 expression and formalin fixation time, and clarified the optimal duration of fixation for accurate PD-L1 evaluation.

Materials And Methods: We collected 55 tumor specimens from resected NSCLC patients.

Comparison of PD-L1 Assays in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: 22C3 pharmDx and SP263.

Background/aim: While the PD-L1 22C3 pharmDx assay is an FDA-approved diagnostic assay for pembrolizumab use, not every pathology laboratory has the Dako Autostainer to use this assay. Since Ventana BenchMark platforms are more common, the Ventana SP263 assay can be used to inform treatment decisions involving nivolumab and pembrolizumab in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, some studies have shown discordant results between the two assays.

Salvage Pulmonary Operations Following Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Small Primary and Metastatic Lung Tumors: Evaluation of the Operative Procedures.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy is an alternative treatment option for small-sized, primary lung cancers and pulmonary metastatic diseases. In the case of local relapse after stereotactic body radiotherapy, salvage pulmonary resection is considered cautiously. However, no study has described the difficulty of the salvage operations.

Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression in Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease: A Matched Case-control Study.

Background: Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated antitumor activity, and immunohistochemical analysis of PD-L1 expression has been used to identify the response in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, considerable interest has ensued toward extending the benefit of these inhibitors to high-risk patients, such as those with NSCLC and interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, no studies have compared PD-L1 expression in NSCLC patients with and without ILD.

Sleeve lobectomy for lung adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant afatinib.

Afatinib, the second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), has been postulated to be associated with improved inhibition of EGFR-dependent tumor growth compared with first-generation EGFR-TKIs for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We present a case of lung adenocarcinoma (cT3N0M0) treated with neoadjuvant afatinib and sleeve lobectomy. Because of the location of the tumor, reduced FEV1 value, and the presence of EGFR mutation, the patient was planned to be prescribed afatinib (30 mg daily) for 3 weeks as neoadjuvant therapy and underwent sleeve lobectomy to avoid pneumonectomy as much as possible.

Reduced Tumour Proportion Scores for Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 in Stored Paraffin Tissue Sections.

Background/aim: We evaluated the effects of storage of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections on the tumour proportion score (TPS) for programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), as indicator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues of treatment efficacy.

Materials And Methods: NSCLC postoperative specimens with PD-L1 TPS ≥50% were obtained and cut into five serial sections. One section was stained immediately, and four were stored at 4°C for 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks.

Multicenter retrospective study of cetuximab plus platinum-based chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of cetuximab plus platinum-based chemotherapy for patients specifically diagnosed with recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective observational study of patients who underwent first-line cetuximab plus platinum-based chemotherapy between December 2012 and June 2015. 65 patients received weekly cetuximab (week 1, 400 mg/m; subsequent weeks, 250 mg/m) plus a maximum of six 3-weekly cycles of cisplatin (80 or 100 mg/m, day 1) or carboplatin (at an area under the curve of 5 mg/mL/min as a 1-h intravenous infusion on day 1) and 5-fluorouracil (800 or 1000 mg/m/day, days 1-4).

Prognostic impact of preoperative serum interleukin-6 levels in patients with early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma, defined by sentinel node biopsy.

Failure to detect recurrence and lymph node metastasis early represents a fundamental barrier to the improvement of survival rate in early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study evaluated the association between serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) level and clinical outcomes in patients with early stage OSCC patients defined by sentinel node biopsy (SNB). A total of 53 patients with clinical stage I/II OSCC who underwent SNB were enrolled.

Corrigendum: The CUL3-SPOP-DAXX axis is a novel regulator of VEGFR2 expression in vascular endothelial cells.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep42845.

Thoracoscopic Surgery for a Congenital Bronchoesophageal Fistula With Pulmonary Sequestration in an Adult Woman.

A congenital bronchoesophageal fistula with pulmonary sequestration is rare in adults. Here, we report the case of an adult woman having congenital bronchoesophageal fistula with intralobar pulmonary sequestration who successfully underwent thoracoscopic resection and showed a good postoperative course.

Palonosetron Prevents Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting in Oral Cancer Patients.

Background/aim: To evaluate the efficacy of palonosetron in preventing acute and delayed nausea and vomiting in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) in oral cancer patients.

Patients And Methods: Oral cancer patients receiving HEC were enrolled; among the 40 patients, 87 courses of chemotherapy were administered. On day 1, 0.

mutation-positive mucinous adenocarcinoma originating in the thymus.

Thymic carcinoma is a rare, aggressive disease with a low 5-year survival rate. The most common histological neoplastic thymic tumor subtype is squamous cell. We describe an interesting case of a 39-year-old woman who presented with mucinous adenocarcinoma that originated in the thymus and was treated via radical resection and venoplasty of the superior vena cava (SVC).

Alteration of PD-L1 expression and its prognostic impact after concurrent chemoradiation therapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) is the treatment of choice for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). Several clinical trials that combine programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) axis inhibitors with radiotherapy are in development for patients with LA-NSCLC. However, the effect of CCRT on programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells is unknown.

Natural history and clinical characteristics of multiple pulmonary nodules with ground glass opacity.

Background And Objective: Ground glass nodules (GGNs) are frequently encountered in the lungs. We report the natural history and characteristics of multiple GGNs, and propose a management plan for patients with multiple GGNs.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed patients with GGNs that met the following criteria: (i) GGN diameter of 3 cm or less, (ii) ground glass opacity proportion of 50% or more and (iii) observation without treatment for ≥6 months.

The CUL3-SPOP-DAXX axis is a novel regulator of VEGFR2 expression in vascular endothelial cells.

Vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is an essential receptor for the homeostasis of endothelial cells. In this study, we showed that NEDD8-conjugated Cullin3 (CUL3)-based ubiquitin E3 (UbE3) ligase plays a crucial role in VEGFR2 mRNA expression. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with MLN4924, an inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme, or with CUL3 siRNA drastically lost their response to VEGF due to the intense decrease in VEGFR2 expression.