Publications by authors named "Hamaguchi M"
Background: This study aimed to explore the relationship between ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption and gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 362 participants with T2D. UPFs consumption was assessed using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire, quantified as the density of UPFs intake (g/1000 kcal).
Ganglions are pseudocysts that develop from part of the joint capsule or tendon sheath and are filled with synovial fluid. In this report, we describe a case of external auditory canal obstruction caused by a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ganglion that was thought to be related to osteoarthritis. A 62-year-old man with the chief complaint of swelling of the anterior wall of the left external auditory canal underwent cystectomy at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHome blood pressure (HBP) monitoring is a better prognostic predictor than clinical BP monitoring. However, the suggested number of HBP measurements in each occasion varies across guidelines. The study aimed to identify which HBP measurements in each occasion are more closely associated with new cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: This study aimed to determine the maximum daily insulin dose (MDI) and associated factors in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) receiving insulin therapy, under ventilator and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) management.
Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used the Cross ICU Searchable Information System data from a Japanese multicenter retrospective observational cohort study of critically ill patients with COVID-19 receiving ventilation and/or ECMO, from February 2020 to March 2022. Maximum daily insulin dose was determined, and factors associated with it and maximum daily insulin dose per body weight were assessed using linear regression analysis.
Article Synopsis
- Oral exposure to microplastics (MPs) is a significant health issue, potentially causing glucose intolerance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with this study focusing on their effects under normal diets.
- Mice exposed to high concentrations of polystyrene MPs exhibited increased serum lipid levels and worsened liver function, while not affecting intestinal permeability, but did change gut microbiota and increase inflammation.
- Findings suggest that even without leaky gut syndrome, high MPs can lead to dyslipidemia and intestinal issues, emphasizing the need for environmental efforts to limit MP exposure.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of overseas assignments on the metabolic factors associated with lifestyle disease including body mass index, blood pressure, plasma glucose, lipid profiles, liver enzyme, and uric acid in Japanese individuals.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using annual health examination data from employees of the Panasonic Corporation in Japan. We evaluated the differences in the changes in metabolic factors associated with lifestyle disease during the observation periods between the overseas and non-overseas assignment groups.
Increased Insulin Requirements in Severe Cases of Covid-19 are Higher Than in Moderate Cases.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes
October 2024
Purpose: Despite the low overall death rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), no study has examined the association between COVID-19 severity and the total daily insulin dose required for glycemic control. The aim of this study was to determine the maximum total daily insulin dose required according to COVID-19 severity, and the number of days required to reach the maximum insulin dose in patients with COVID-19 who used insulin during hospitalization.
Patients And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included participants aged 20-90 years with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 who used insulin during hospitalization at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Hospital between March 4, 2020, and May 31, 2021.
Background/objectives: Western-type diets (WDs) damage the intestinal barrier by disrupting the gut microbiota composition and causing inflammation, leading to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the gut microbiota and found in fermented foods and can stimulate the anti-inflammatory action of type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCS3s) in the intestine. This study hypothesised that supplementing miso, a Japanese fermented food, to a WD could increase the levels of SCFAs and thus stimulate ILC3s, decreasing inflammation in the intestine and protecting intestinal barrier integrity.
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- Sarcopenia, the decline of muscle mass with age, is worsened in women post-menopause due to lowered estrogen levels, and isoflavones may help combat this issue.
- In a study with ovariectomized mice on a high-fat, high-sucrose diet, those treated with isoflavones showed increased grip strength, despite no significant changes in body weight or glucose metabolism.
- The analysis revealed isoflavone treatment positively influenced gut microbiota diversity and specific gene expressions related to muscle strength, highlighting its potential benefits for menopausal women facing sarcopenia.
Aims: To compare the predictive abilities of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-corrected BMI (wBMI), a body shape index (ABSI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) for the incidence of type 2 diabetes and determine the practical cut-off values for the Japanese population.
Methods: This study used data from 155,623 participants who had medical checkups with Panasonic Corporation between 2008 and 2021. Predictive abilities of anthropometric indices were evaluated at 13 years using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.
Article Synopsis
- Resident physicians in Japan were expected to care for COVID-19 patients, but many faced burnout, with limited studies on their experiences and competency gains in this context.
- A national study involving over 6,000 resident physicians assessed their training and COVID-19 care experience using the General Medicine In-Training Examination to measure competency.
- Results indicated that while many residents had no COVID-19 care experience, those who did performed better on COVID-19-related questions, suggesting that this experience positively impacted their competency without hindering their fundamental clinical skills.
Article Synopsis
- A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the impact of low-carbohydrate diets on glycemic control in East Asian adults with type 2 diabetes, as previous studies mainly focused on Western populations.
- The analysis included six randomized controlled trials that evaluated outcomes such as glycated hemoglobin levels, body mass index, and other health metrics over periods of 3 to 18 months.
- Results indicated that low-carbohydrate diets significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin levels and body mass index compared to control diets, suggesting that these dietary changes could be effective in managing glycemic control for at least 6 months in East Asians.
Budesonide Rectal Foam (BF) was introduced in 2017 and changed in November 2022 upon request, addressing the challenges encountered with liquid rectal formulations indicated for ulcerative colitis (UC). This formulation is an important agent in the treatment of rectal to sigmoid colon lesions in moderate UC. As the characteristics of the formulation of the rectal formulation are thought to influence patient satisfaction, a survey was conducted on the formulation and patient satisfaction among patients who used BF before and after the change.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Sarcopenic obesity, which is associated with a poorer prognosis than that of sarcopenia alone, may be positively affected by soy isoflavones, known inhibitors of muscle atrophy. Herein, we hypothesize that these compounds may prevent sarcopenic obesity by upregulating the gut metabolites with anti-inflammatory effects.
Methods: To explore the effects of soy isoflavones on sarcopenic obesity and its mechanisms, we employed both in vivo and in vitro experiments.
Aim: Nocturia impairs the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) such as tofogliflozin increase urine volume, their impact on nocturia, in conjunction with dietary salt restriction, is less clear.
Materials And Methods: This multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel-group trial included 80 subjects with type 2 diabetes and nocturia.
Aims/introduction: The 2023 Delphi consensus recommended the use of new term, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), aiming conceptual shift from the conventional non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The association between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development is well known. This study aimed to examine the correlation between MASLD and T2DM development, comparing their utility as predictors.
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- The study investigates how royal jelly (RJ) affects epigenomic changes in the small intestine, with a focus on its impact on metabolic health.
- RJ administration showed improvements in insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism without altering body weight, indicating its potential benefits for metabolic disorders.
- The research identified significant alterations in histone modifications linked to genes involved in cancer progression and metabolism, suggesting that RJ could serve as a therapeutic agent for enhancing metabolic health.
Article Synopsis
- Autoimmune nodopathy linked to anti-CNTN1 IgG4 antibodies often results in acute damage to myelinated nerve fibers, despite IgG4's inability to activate the complement system traditionally associated with inflammation.
- A study reviewed four patients with autoimmune nodopathy showing that while all had high levels of IgG4, IgG1 was initially present during disease progression but later disappeared, suggesting a potential link to acute degeneration.
- The findings indicate that IgG1 could serve as a biomarker for disease activity in these patients since it was associated with acute exacerbations and was present alongside nerve and kidney injury.
Aims/introduction: Efficacy of long-term low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) to improve glycemic management for type 2 diabetes remains controversial. Thus, we investigated the association between long-term LCD and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Materials And Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Database for articles published up to June 2023, and included randomized controlled trials conducted on LCD interventions for >12 months in adults with type 2 diabetes.
A multi-omics approach to overeating and inactivity-induced muscle atrophy in db/db mice.
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
October 2024
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates the link between overeating, inactivity, and type 2 diabetes using db/db mouse models to explore the underlying pathology.
- The researchers conducted various analyses, including gene expression and gut microbiota assessment, revealing significant differences in grip strength, fat weight, cytokine levels, and nutrient transporters between db/m and db/db mice.
- Findings indicate that epigenomic changes in the small intestine may contribute to muscle atrophy in obese mice, highlighting the complex interactions that lead to type 2 diabetes.
Article Synopsis
- Red yeast rice, used in making drinks and food in East Asia, has recently caused kidney problems in people taking certain supplements in Japan.
- A 58-year-old woman got sick after taking a supplement with red yeast rice, showing signs of kidney injury and high creatinine levels.
- After she stopped using the supplement and started treatment, her kidney health got better, highlighting that even health supplements can be harmful.
Background: With the implementation of the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the publication of the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) nomenclature in 2020, it is important to establish consensus for the coding of MAFLD in ICD-11. This will inform subsequent revisions of ICD-11.
Methods: Using the Qualtrics XM and WJX platforms, questionnaires were sent online to MAFLD-ICD-11 coding collaborators, authors of papers, and relevant association members.
A 67-year-old man underwent renal transplantation in his twenties. He developed refractory pleural effusion, with many large lymphocytes with severe atypia and mitosis in the effusion, indicating malignant lymphoma. He finally died of respiratory failure.
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- The study investigates the use of maximum phonation time (MPT) to predict postoperative complications like dysphagia and major cardiovascular events in older patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
- It analyzed data from 442 patients, measuring MPT before surgery and assessing complications afterward, finding a correlation between abnormal MPT and higher rates of dysphagia and major adverse events.
- Results suggest that incorporating MPT in preoperative evaluations could help identify high-risk patients, leading to better management and potentially improved outcomes while reducing healthcare costs.
Article Synopsis
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now often referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is prevalent among children and teens with obesity and is linked to metabolic syndrome factors like insulin resistance.
- A consensus of 65 international experts was reached through surveys to create recommendations covering various aspects of pediatric MAFLD, including its causes, epidemiology, and treatment strategies.
- The final consensus aims to enhance clinical outcomes and life quality for affected youth, highlighting the importance of standardized diagnosis and treatment methods.