Clinical Management of a Pandrug-Resistant OXA-48 Infection in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) is one of the serious forms of health care-associated infection. Pan-drug resistant (PDR) CRKP infections can cause severe infections. Mortality and treatment costs in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are high.

[Burden of Pneumococcal Meningitis and Bacteremia, Serotype Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance in Healthy Children After Conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccine Implementation: Single Center Experience].

In Turkey, the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV7) was included in the childhood national immunization programme in April 2008 and was replaced by the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV13) in April 2011. In this retrospective, single-center study, it was aimed to determine the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates of pediatric patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) after the introduction of PVC7 and PVC13. Fifty pediatric patients diagnosed with meningitis and sepsis/bacteremia between October 2009 and October 2019 were included in the study.

[The distribution of microorganisms and antibiotic resistance profile in pulmonary critical care unit patients: A single-centre study].

Introduction: The patients in the intensive care unit have a higher risk of infections because of the poor general condition of these patients and the frequent application of invasive procedures with longer hospitalization length. Also, this group of patients tend to have resistant infections due to empirically widespread and uncontrolled use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Hence, data are needed to determine appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy in intensive care patients.

The changing resistance patterns of bacterial uropathogens in children.

Background: Increased antimicrobial resistance is a problem in managing urinary tract infections (UTI). With this study we assessed the resistance patterns of urinary isolates in children with UTI between January 2017 and January 2018.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted.

Comparison of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of pertussis or viral lower respiratory tract infections.

Introduction: Whooping cough-like respiratory tract infections (WCLRTI) caused by factors other than the Bordetella pertussis are available. Clinical picture is difficult to differentiate between the B. pertussis and viral respiratory infections.

Evaluation of the results of MOTAKK hepatitis C virus RNA genotyping and hepatitis delta virus external quality assessment programs during 2015-2016.

Background/aims: To evaluate the HCV RNA genotyping and HDV RNA tests that are performed in molecular microbiology laboratories in Turkey as part of a national external quality assessment programme, MOTAKK (Moleküler Tanıda Kalite Kontrol) (English translation: Quality control in molecular diagnostics).

Materials And Methods: Plasmas having different HCV RNA genotypes were used to prepare HCV genotype control sera. The HDV RNA main stock was prepared from patients with chronic delta hepatitis who had a significant amount of viral load detected, as per the WHO reference materials on viral load studies that were compiled for the purpose of developing HDV RNA control sera.

Molecular Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of Vaginal Lactobacillus sp.

Background: The genus Lactobacillus has recently been the focal point of researchers due to their ability to produce secondary metabolites with antimicrobial effects.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify vaginal Lactobacillus sp. by analyzing 16S rRNA gene sequence, to investigate into antimicrobial activities of secondary metabolites produced by these isolates and to determine the quantities of lactic acid, acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in secondary metabolites using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.

[Evaluation of 2015-2016 MOTAKK HBV DNA and HCV RNA external quality assessment national program results].

MOTAKK, as a national external quality control program has been launched to evaluate the molecular detection of viral infections including HBV DNA and HCV RNA in molecular microbiology diagnostic laboratories in Turkey. This program is prepared in compliance with ISO 17043:2010 (Conformity assessment general requirements for proficiency testing) standards, and aims to take the place of external quality control programs from abroad, contributing to standardization and accuracy of molecular diagnostic tests in our country. The aim of this study was to evaluate 2015 and 2016 results of the MOTAKK External Quality Control Program for HBV DNA and HCV RNA viral load .

Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibilities and virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from community-acquired and health-care associated pediatric infections.

Karbuz A, Karahan ZC, Aldemir-Kocabaş B, Tekeli A, Özdemir H, Güriz H, Gökdemir R, İnce E, Çiftçi E. Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibilities and virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from community-acquired and health-care associated pediatric infections. Turk J Pediatr 2017; 59: 395-403.

Complications with rotavirus: A single center experiences.

Rotavirus is an important morbidity and mortality agent among previously healthy infants. Rotavirus gastroenteritis (RG) causes severe fluid and electrolyte imbalance and development of fatal complications during course of the disease, if untreated. Although there are few case reports in the literature regarding septicemia after RG, it is one of the most important complications of the disease.

[Investigation of seven different RNA viruses associated with gastroenteritis in children under five years old].

Viruses are the most frequently detected etiologic agents of gastroenteritis seen in small children. In addition to classical gastroenteritis viruses namely rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus type 40/41, astrovirus and sapovirus, some novel picornaviruses (Aichi virus, parechovirus, enterovirus) that have been identified in parallel to the developments in molecular diagnostic methods, thought to be associated with diarrhea in humans. However, the data are not enough to prove their actual roles in the pathogenesis of gastroenteritis.

Risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy Turkish children after the addition of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) to the national vaccine schedule.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy Turkish children. The study was conducted on 1101 healthy Turkish children between 1 month and 18 years of age. The median and mean ages of the children were 25 months (1 month-18 years) and 45.

The use of colistin in critically ill children in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Background: Colistin is active against most multidrug-resistant, aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. Because of the reported nephrotoxicity during the first years of use of colistin, there were concerns of its use in pediatrics where there was limited experience The aim of this study is to document the clinical characteristics and outcomes of use of colistin in pediatric patients at a pediatric intensive care unit in Turkey.

Methods: We reviewed the medical and laboratory records of 29 critically ill children who were treated with colistin for 38 courses between January 2011 and December 2011 at the Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Ankara University Medical School, Turkey.

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy Turkish children after the addition of PCV7 to the national vaccine schedule.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to determine serotype distribution and investigate antimicrobial resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy Turkish children in the era of community-wide pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). The study was conducted on 1,101 healthy children less than 18 years of age. Specimens were collected with nasopharyngeal swabs between April 2011 and June 2011.

Invasive Candida infections in children: the clinical characteristics and species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp.

The aims of the study were to examine the distribution of Candida spp. isolated from sterile body sites, the antifungal susceptibility of the isolates to amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin, and factors affecting mortality with invasive Candida infections in children. Thirty-five children with invasive candidiasis between January 2004 and January 2008 were evaluated retrospectively.

Nosocomial infections due to Acinetobacter baumannii in a pediatric intensive care unit in Turkey.

The aim of this study is to document the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Acinetobacter baumannii infections in pediatric patients in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in Turkey. The ages ranged from 1 month to 16 years with a mean age of 55.5 months, and the male-to-female ratio was 1:1.

Urinary tract infections owing to ESBL-producing bacteria: microorganisms change--clinical pattern does not.

Aim: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have become a growing problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiological findings in patients with community-acquired UTIs owing to ESBL-producing bacteria.

Methods: Files of the patients that had UTI owing to ESBL-producing bacteria, between January 2008 and December 2009, were retrospectively evaluated.

Bacteraemia and candidaemia: a considerable and underestimated complication of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis.

Despite the high incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis, secondary bacteraemia later in the course of the disease has rarely been reported. To date, the exact incidence of this complication has not been determined. A prospective study was conducted between January 2007 and December 2008 to determine the incidence of bacteraemia by organisms of the normal intestinal flora during severe rotavirus gastroenteritis.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia in Turkish children.

Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important cause of life-threatening nosocomial infection.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical features, antibiotic treatment and prognosis of S. maltophilia bacteraemia.

Acremonium spp. peritonitis in an infant.

Fungal peritonitis is a rare but serious complication in children on peritoneal dialysis. Clinical presentation of fungal peritonitis is similar to bacterial peritonitis and Candida spp. are the most common agent.

Human tissue transglutaminase antibody screening by immunochromatographic line immunoassay for early diagnosis of celiac disease in Turkish children.

Background/aims: Celiac disease has a large prevalence worldwide. There are a limited number of comparable epidemiological data for celiac disease in Turkey. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the prevalence of celiac disease in a sample of 1000 Turkish children by a novel, simple, and visual one-step immunoassay screening test.

Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens and evaluation of empirical treatment in Turkish children with urinary tract infections.

The changing pattern of antimicrobial resistance in the causative microorganisms of urinary tract infection (UTI) in childhood is a growing problem. The aims of this study were to assess the resistance patterns of urinary isolates to commonly used antimicrobials and to evaluate the options for empirical treatment of UTI. A prospective cross-sectional analysis of bacteria isolated from children with UTI was performed between January 2003 and January 2004.

Caspofungin treatment in two infants with persistent fungaemia due to Candida lipolytica.

Candida lipolytica has infrequently been identified as a cause of infection and is associated mostly with vascular catheter-related fungaemia. Patients reported in the literature have been successfully treated with catheter removal or amphotericin B treatment. We report 2 infants with C.

Successful treatment of Trichosporon mucoides infection with lipid complex amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine.

Infections in immunocompromised children can stem from bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa, but most importantly, from the host's endogenous bacterial flora. Disseminated infection caused by Trichosporon species is one of the emerging mycoses in neutropenic patients, particularly when they are treated for haematological malignancy with cytotoxic and immunosuppressive chemotherapy. We report a 15-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, whose Trichosporon mucoides infection was successfully treated with lipid complex amphotericin B plus 5-fluorocytosine.

PCR evaluation of false-positive signals from two automated blood-culture systems.

Rapid detection of micro-organisms from blood is one of the most critical functions of a diagnostic microbiology laboratory. Automated blood-culture systems reduce the time needed to detect positive cultures, and reduce specimen handling. The false-positive rate of such systems is 1-10%.