BrAIST-Calc: Prediction of Individualized Benefit From Bracing for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Study Design: Prospective multicenter study data were used for model derivation and externally validated using retrospective cohort data.

Objective: Derive and validate a prognostic model of benefit from bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary Of Background Data: The Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Trial (BrAIST) demonstrated the superiority of bracing over observation to prevent curve progression to the surgical threshold; 42% of untreated subjects had a good outcome, and 28% progressed to the surgical threshold despite bracing, likely due to poor adherence.

Return to the Operating Room for Unplanned Pin Removal After Percutaneous Pinning of Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: A Retrospective Review.

Background: Pin migration is a common complication associated with closed reduced and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) of supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHF) in children. Though this complication occurs frequently, little work has been done to elicit circumstances surrounding this complication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with SCHF treated with percutaneous pins who needed to return to the operating room for pin removal.

Insights into mammalian TE diversity through the curation of 248 genome assemblies.

We examined transposable element (TE) content of 248 placental mammal genome assemblies, the largest de novo TE curation effort in eukaryotes to date. We found that although mammals resemble one another in total TE content and diversity, they show substantial differences with regard to recent TE accumulation. This includes multiple recent expansion and quiescence events across the mammalian tree.

Chiropterans Are a Hotspot for Horizontal Transfer of DNA Transposons in Mammalia.

Horizontal transfer of transposable elements (TEs) is an important mechanism contributing to genetic diversity and innovation. Bats (order Chiroptera) have repeatedly been shown to experience horizontal transfer of TEs at what appears to be a high rate compared with other mammals. We investigated the occurrence of horizontally transferred (HT) DNA transposons involving bats.

Comparison of genetic variation between rare and common congeners of Dipodomys with estimates of contemporary and historical effective population size.

Species with low effective population sizes are at greater risk of extinction because of reduced genetic diversity. Such species are more vulnerable to chance events that decrease population sizes (e.g.

Trends in Management of Pediatric Distal Radius Buckle Fractures.

Background: Distal radius buckle fractures (DRBFx) represent nearly half of the pediatric wrist injuries. DRBFx are stable injury patterns that can typically be successfully managed with brief immobilization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate opinions and preferences of pediatric orthopaedic specialists regarding the management of DRBFx.

Scoliosis Research Society survey: brace management in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Purpose: While the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) has established criteria for brace initiation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), there are no recommendations concerning other management issues. As the BrAIST study reinforced the utility of bracing, the SRS Non-Operative Management Committee decided to evaluate the consensus or discord in AIS brace management.

Methods: 1200 SRS members were sent an online survey in 2017, which included 21 items concerning demographics, bracing indications, management, and monitoring.

Intraoperative neuromonitoring practice patterns in spinal deformity surgery: a global survey of the Scoliosis Research Society.

Purpose: Although multimodal IONM has reached a widespread use, several unresolved issues have remained in clinical practice. The aim was to determine differences in approaches to form a basis for taking actions to improve patient safety globally.

Methods: A survey comprising 19 questions in four sections (demographics, setup, routine practices and reaction to alerts) was distributed to the membership of the SRS.

Adolescents with spondylolysis have lower SRS-22 scores than controls and peers with pre-operative idiopathic scoliosis.

Purpose: The Scoliosis Research Society Outcomes Questionnaire (SRS-22) is a health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) tool for scoliosis patients. Since no equivalent questionnaire exists for spondylolysis patients, we characterized patient-reported scores in pediatric spondylolysis patients using the SRS-22, and compared these scores to previously published values for age-matched controls and patients with pre-operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Methods: A single-institution cross-sectional observational study was performed using SRS-22 data from spondylolysis patients aged 12-18 years.

Neurophysiological monitoring of spinal cord function during spinal deformity surgery: 2020 SRS neuromonitoring information statement.

The Scoliosis Research Society has developed an updated information statement on intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of spinal cord function during spinal deformity surgery. The statement reviews the risks of spinal cord compromise associated with spinal deformity surgery; the statement then discusses the various modalities that are available to monitor the spinal cord, including somatosensory-evoked potentials, motor-evoked potentials, and electromyographic (EMG) options. Anesthesia considerations, the importance of a thoughtful team approach to successful monitoring, and the utility of checklists are also discussed.

Emotional Wellbeing in Parents of Children on Home Parenteral Nutrition.

Objectives: Caring for a child on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is stressful, and its emotional impact not fully appreciated. This study explored the emotional wellbeing and coping styles of parents and children on HPN.

Methods: Questionnaire data were collected for parents of children (0-18 years) on HPN.

Multimodal pain control in adolescent posterior spinal fusion patients: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial to validate the effect of gabapentin on postoperative pain control, opioid use, and patient satisfaction.

Study Design: Prospective double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to validate the efficacy of gabapentin as part of a multimodal pain regimen in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial for patients aged 10-19 years with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior spinal fusion. Perioperative pain management represents a challenge for patients undergoing surgical correction of adolescent spinal deformity.

Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Trial (BrAIST): Development and Validation of a Prognostic Model in Untreated Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Using the Simplified Skeletal Maturity System.

Study Design: Prognostic study and validation using prospective clinical trial data.

Objective: To derive and validate a model predicting curve progression to ≥45° before skeletal maturity in untreated patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary Of Background Data: Studies have linked the natural history of AIS with characteristics such as sex, skeletal maturity, curve magnitude, and pattern.

Psychological services for food allergy: The unmet need for patients and families in the United Kingdom.

Research over the past 20 years has demonstrated the significant impact food allergy can have on quality of life and mental health of patients and their families, yet there is a paucity of psychological services to support families in coping with this condition. This paper provides a short overview of the psychological impact of food allergy, followed by a discussion of the use of paediatric psychological services for long-term conditions. To our knowledge, few paediatric allergy clinics in the UK have funding for dedicated clinical psychology services.

Utility of Follow-up Radiographs After Pin Removal in Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Displaced supracondylar humerus fractures (SCFs) are common pediatric injuries, typically treated by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP). Radiographs are obtained at pin removal and subsequently to evaluate fracture healing. We evaluated the utility of radiographs obtained after pin removal in pediatric SCF management.

A preliminary molecular phylogeny of shield-bearer moths (Lepidoptera: Adeloidea: Heliozelidae) highlights rich undescribed diversity.

Heliozelidae are a widespread, evolutionarily early diverging family of small, day-flying monotrysian moths, for which a comprehensive phylogeny is lacking. We generated the first molecular phylogeny of the family using DNA sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI and COII) and two nuclear genes (H3 and 28S) from 130 Heliozelidae specimens, including eight of the twelve known genera: Antispila, Antispilina, Coptodisca, Heliozela, Holocacista, Hoplophanes, Pseliastis, and Tyriozela. Our results provide strong support for five major Heliozelidae clades: (i) a large widespread clade containing the leaf-mining genera Antispilina, Coptodisca and Holocacista and some species of Antispila, (ii) a clade containing most of the described Antispila, (iii) a clade containing the leaf-mining genus Heliozela and the monotypic genus Tyriozela, (iv) an Australian clade containing Pseliastis and (v) an Australian clade containing Hoplophanes.

Field Level RNAi-Mediated Resistance to Cassava Brown Streak Disease across Multiple Cropping Cycles and Diverse East African Agro-Ecological Locations.

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) presents a serious threat to cassava production in East and Central Africa. Currently, no cultivars with high levels of resistance to CBSD are available to farmers. Transgenic RNAi technology was employed to combat CBSD by fusing coat protein (CP) sequences from (UCBSV) and (CBSV) to create an inverted repeat construct (p5001) driven by the constitutive promoter.

Infantile myofibroma: a firm, round plaque in an infant.

Infantile myofibroma is a rare fibromatous tumor that is variable in presentation and is frequently mistaken for hemangioma or rhabdomyosarcoma. We describe a 14-month-old boy who presented with multiple, enlarging, firm lesions on the shoulder. Biopsy revealed a proliferation of small spindle cells with myxoid and hyalinized stroma infiltrating into the superficial adipose tissue.

Infantile myofibroma: a firm, round plaque in an infant.

Infantile myofibroma is a rare fibromatous tumor that is variable in presentation and is frequently mistaken for hemangioma or rhabdomyosarcoma. We describe a 14-month-old male who presented with multiple, enlarging, firm lesions on the shoulder. Biopsy revealed a proliferation of small spindle cells with myxoid and hyalinized stroma infiltrating into the superficial adipose tissue.

Emergency department on-call status for pediatric orthopaedics: a survey of the POSNA membership.

Background: The emergency room on-call status of pediatric orthopaedic surgeons is an important factor affecting their practices and lifestyles and was last evaluated in 2006.

Methods: The entire membership of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) was surveyed in 2010 for information regarding their emergency room on-call status with 382 surveys returned of over 1000 e-mailed to members of POSNA. Detailed information about on-call coverage, support, and frequency was obtained in answers to 14 different questions.

Patient satisfaction surveys: an evaluation of POSNA members' knowledge and experience.

Background: Patient satisfaction surveys (PSS) were originally designed to identify areas in need of improvement in patient interactions for individuals, practices, and institutions. As a result of the Affordable Care Act, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services incorporated PSS into a formula designed to determine the quality of medical care delivered to hospital inpatients; the resultant score and rank will determine subsequent hospital payments. This survey was developed to evaluate POSNA members' knowledge of and experience with PSS.