Correction: Improving Nutrition and Activity Behaviors Using Digital Technology and Tailored Feedback: Protocol for the Tailored Diet and Activity (ToDAy) Randomized Controlled Trial.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/12782.].

Improving Nutrition and Activity Behaviors Using Digital Technology and Tailored Feedback: Protocol for the Tailored Diet and Activity (ToDAy) Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Excess weight is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. In Australia, over 60% of adults are overweight or obese. The overconsumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods and low physical activity (PA) levels are key factors contributing to population obesity.

Image-Based Dietary Assessment and Tailored Feedback Using Mobile Technology: Mediating Behavior Change in Young Adults.

Assessing the implementation of nutrition interventions is important to identify characteristics and dietary patterns of individuals who benefit most. The aim was to report on young adults' experiences of receiving dietary feedback text messaging intervention. Diet was captured using an image-based 4-day mobile food record application (mFR) and assessed to formulate two tailored feedback text messages on fruit and vegetables and energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods and beverages.

Home-Based Exercise Improves Fitness and Exercise Attitude and Intention in Women with GDM.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of a home-based cycling program for women with a recent diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on aerobic fitness, weight gain, self-reported mobility, attitude, and intentions toward maternal exercise, and obstetric and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: Forty women (mean ± SD, 28.8 ± 0.

Home-based exercise training improves capillary glucose profile in women with gestational diabetes.

Purpose: Regular maternal exercise may play an important role in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), yet specific exercise guidelines to achieve glycemic control have not been established. Furthermore, many women remain sedentary during pregnancy because of perceived barriers to exercise participation. This study examined the effectiveness of a home-based cycling program commenced upon diagnosis of GDM on daily fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and the response of glucose and insulin to a 75-g oral glucose load.

Moderate-intensity exercise affects perceived hunger and fullness but not appetite-related hormones in late pregnancy.

The effect of exercise on appetite and appetite-related hormones during pregnancy is not known. This study found that 30 min of moderate-intensity stationary cycling transiently attenuated hunger and increased fullness in late gestational women (n = 12). Exercise did not affect perceived appetite or appetite-related hormones in response to subsequent caloric consumption.

Pregnant women exercise at a higher intensity during 30 min of self-paced cycling compared with walking during late gestation: implications for 2 h postprandial glucose levels.

Objective: To compare the effect of an acute 30-min bout of self-paced stationary cycling (SC) with treadmill walking (TW) or a resting control (CON) on maternal blood glucose, insulin and metabolic responses during pregnancy.

Methods: Twelve healthy women at 29.9±2.

Effect of the antipsychotic agent amisulpride on glucose lowering and insulin secretion.

Aims: To investigate the effects of the second generation antipsychotic (R/S)-amisulpride, and the chirally purified enantiomers, on glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice.

Methods: Normal and DIO mice were treated with pharmacologically relevant doses of amisulpride prior to oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). Blood glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1, prolactin and amisulpride drug levels were determined.

Postexercise water immersion increases short-term food intake in trained men.

Purpose: The performance of exercise while immersed in cold water has been shown to influence energy intake in the subsequent meal. In addition, cold water immersion (CWI) itself has been shown to reduce the concentration of the hormone leptin, high concentrations of which signal satiety. Taken together, these findings raise the question of whether the common practice of postexercise CWI by athletes acutely affects energy intake.

Arsenic and metaldehyde toxicosis in a beef herd.

Over a 12-day period, 13 animals in a herd of 110 beef cattle developed ataxia with profound muscle fasciculations progressing to recumbency. Twelve animals (5 adults and 7 calves from 8-10 months of age) died, and 1 cow was euthanized. Hemorrhagic diarrhea occurred in some, but not all, animals.

Pyruvate induces mitochondrial biogenesis by a PGC-1 alpha-independent mechanism.

Oxidative cells increase mitochondrial mass in response to stimuli such as changes in energy demand or cellular differentiation. This plasticity enables the cell to adapt dynamically to achieve the necessary oxidative capacity. However, the pathways involved in triggering mitochondrial biogenesis are poorly defined.

Equine cutaneous fungal granuloma: a study of 44 lesions from 34 horses.

Forty-four nodular and noninvasive cutaneous fungal granulomas were identified in 34 horses over a 14.5-year period. Cutaneous fungal granulomas were most common in young horses (mean age 6.

Cultured muscle cells from insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes patients have impaired insulin, but normal 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside-stimulated, glucose uptake.

Impaired insulin action is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes. The study aims were to investigate whether after prolonged culture skeletal muscle cultures from insulin-resistant, type 2 diabetic patients (taking >100 U insulin/d) displayed impaired insulin signaling effects compared with cultures from nondiabetic controls and to determine whether retained abnormalities were limited to insulin action by studying an alternative pathway of stimulated glucose uptake. Studies were performed on myotubes differentiated for 7 d between passages 4 and 6.

A Reevaluation of the Host Range and Geographical Distribution of Claviceps Species in the United States.

A listing of host and state reports and distribution maps for 11 taxa of Claviceps occurring in the United States, including C. africana, C. cinerea, C.

Human cell systems for drug discovery.

In the current drug discovery paradigm, validated recombinant targets form the basis of in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) assays. Isolated proteins cannot, however, be regarded as representative of complex biological systems; hence, cell-based systems can be employed to complement in vitro data, providing greater confidence in compound activity in an intact biological system. The scarcity of human material and the lack of proliferative capacity of primary cell cultures, combined with problems associated with the use of stem cells, mean that immortalized cell lines are generally used as a source of cells for HTS.

Regulation of glycogen synthase by glucose and glycogen: a possible role for AMP-activated protein kinase.

We report here use of human myoblasts in culture to study the relationships between cellular glycogen concentrations and the activities of glycogen synthase (GS) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Incubation of cells for 2 h in the absence of glucose led to a 25% decrease in glycogen content and a significant decrease in the fractional activity of GS. This was accompanied by stimulation of both the alpha1 and alpha2 isoforms of AMPK, without significant alterations in the ratios of adenine nucleotides.

Conditionally immortalized cell lines as model systems for high-throughput biology in drug discovery.

There is an increasing emphasis on the need for high-quality biological data much earlier in the drug-discovery process. This has led to the development of high-throughput approaches to biology, many of which rely on the use of cell-culture models. Unfortunately, available cell-culture models often reflect poorly the characteristics of the tissue they are supposed to represent.

Regulation of glycogen synthesis in human muscle cells.

Glucose uptake into muscle and its subsequent storage as glycogen is a crucial factor in energy homeostasis in skeletal muscle. This process is stimulated acutely by insulin and is impaired in both insulin-resistant states and in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A signalling pathway involving protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase 3 seems certain to have a key role in stimulating glycogen synthesis but other signalling pathways also contribute, including a rapamycin-sensitive pathway stimulated by amino acids.

Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on insulin action in cultured human muscle cells.

Reported discrepancies in the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in modulating insulin sensitivity of cultured cells may relate both to cell types studied and to the time course of exposure to the cytokine. Additionally, the relationship of effects on glucose metabolism to changes in the insulin signaling pathway cannot be assumed. For in vitro study, the cell type most relevant to insulin resistance in humans is the cultured human muscle cell.

Control of glycogen synthesis by glucose, glycogen, and insulin in cultured human muscle cells.

A key feature of type 2 diabetes is impairment in the stimulation of glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle by insulin. Glycogen synthesis and the activity of the enzyme glycogen synthase (GS) have been studied in human myoblasts in culture under a variety of experimental conditions. Incubation in the absence of glucose for up to 6 h caused an approximately 50% decrease in glycogen content, which was associated with a small decrease in the fractional activity of GS.

Control of glycogen synthesis in cultured human muscle cells.

The regulation of glycogen synthesis and associated enzymes was studied in human myoblasts and myotubes maintained in culture. Both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin stimulated glycogen synthesis approximately 2-fold, this stimulation being accompanied by a rapid and stable activation of the controlling enzyme glycogen synthase (GS). EGF also caused inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) and activation of the alpha isoform of protein kinase B (PKB) with the time-course and magnitude of its effects being similar to those induced by insulin.