Effect of implementing an effective farrowing accommodation hygiene routine on clinical cases of disease, medication usage, and growth in suckling and weaned pigs.

The few studies that have evaluated hygiene routines in farrowing accommodation to date have focused on pathogen elimination from pens, with little attention paid to pig growth and no information provided on pig health or medication usage. This study aimed to determine if implementation of an optimized farrowing accommodation hygiene routine could improve pig health and growth and reduce medication usage pre- and post-weaning (PW). Forty seven sows were blocked on parity, previous litter size and body weight and assigned to two treatments: T1) Basic hygiene: cold water washing only with minimal drying time; T2) Optimized hygiene: use of detergent and a chlorocresol-based disinfectant with a 6-d drying time.

Measures to prevent and treat Nipah virus disease: research priorities for 2024-29.

Nipah virus causes highly lethal disease, with case-fatality rates ranging from 40% to 100% in recognised outbreaks. No treatments or licensed vaccines are currently available for the prevention and control of Nipah virus infection. In 2019, WHO published an advanced draft of a research and development roadmap for accelerating development of medical countermeasures, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines, to enable effective and timely emergency response to Nipah virus outbreaks.

Premature pubarche in Prader-Willi syndrome: Risk factors and consequences.

Objectives: Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) may develop premature pubarche (PP). We investigated the frequency of PP, and its potential precursors and sequelae, in PWS.

Design, Patients And Measurements: A chart review of children with PWS treated at our institution between 1990 and 2021 was performed.

Relationship between youth cardiometabolic health and physical activity in medical records.

Background: Thers is limited research examining modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors with a single-item health behavior question obtained during a clinic visit. Such information could support clinicians in identifying patients at risk for adverse cardiometabolic health. We investigated if children meeting physical activity or screen time recommendations, collected during clinic visits, have better cardiometabolic health than children not meeting recommendations.

Computed tomography-guided percutaneous cryoablation of hereditary adrenal pheochromocytoma in three patients.

Objectives: Pheochromocytomas (PHEO) are neuroendocrine tumors rarely diagnosed in children. We are reporting on the management challenges of three adolescent patients who present with hereditary PHEO.

Case Presentation: The index patient and his male sibling presented with bilateral PHEO, while a third patient presented with a unilateral PHEO, all associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome.

Do people with dementia and carers get what they need? Barriers in social care and carers needs assessments.

Background: People with dementia and unpaid carers need to go through a social care or carers needs assessment to access and receive subsidised or fully-funded social care. With no previous evidence, this qualitative study aimed to provide insights into the access to, experiences of receiving and conducting social care or carers needs assessments, and access to social care.

Methods: Unpaid carers of people with dementia and professionals conducting social care or carers needs assessment living or working in England were interviewed remotely about their experiences between April and August 2023.

Selective Venous Sampling Prompting Unilateral Oophorectomy in an Adolescent With PCOS and Markedly Elevated Testosterone.

Background: For adolescents with suspected polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and severely elevated testosterone concentrations, imaging is recommended to assess for neoplasm. Selective venous sampling (SVS) can be considered when imaging is nondiagnostic.

Case: An adolescent female treated for PCOS had a peak testosterone of 344 ng/dL (11.

Progression of comorbidities in youth with overweight or obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Childhood obesity rates have continued to increase with the COVID-19 pandemic. However, data are limited on the impact of increasing obesity on associated comorbidities.

Methods: We evaluated the progression of overweight- or obesity-associated comorbidities by investigating change in laboratory results pre-COVID-19 pandemic and post-COVID-19 pandemic onset in youth with overweight or obesity.

Postpartum meloxicam administration to sows but not split-suckling increases piglet growth and reduces clinical incidence of disease in suckling piglets.

Each suckling pig should receive ≥200 g of colostrum within the first 24 h of life, but with increased litter size this is now difficult to achieve. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of split-suckling and postpartum meloxicam provision to sows as a means of ensuring adequate colostrum intake, on growth and health in pigs pre- and postweaning. One hundred and four sows (Large White × Landrace) and their litters, averaging 16.

Management and outcomes in secondary diabetes among pediatric patients hospitalized with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Objectives: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disorder marked by massive cytokine release from macrophage and T-cell activation. Hallmarks include fever, splenomegaly, cytopenias, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogemia, and elevations in ferritin and soluble IL-2 receptor. Given the association of HLH with inflammation and glucocorticoid therapy, the development of hyperglycemia is not unexpected.

The legalities of managing finances and paying for future care in dementia: a UK-based qualitative study.

Background: Managing finances in dementia and on someone else's behalf can be difficult, especially with navigating the legalities surrounding this activity. With a lack of previous evidence, the aim of this qualitative study was to explore how people living with dementia and unpaid carers are planning the financing of dementia care and deal with legal issues surrounding finances.

Methods: We recruited people living with dementia and unpaid carers from across the UK between February and May 2022.

The digitalisation of finance management skills in dementia since the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.

Objectives: Engaging with finances has become increasingly digitalised in recent years, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic, yet it is unknown how finance management has been affected in people living with dementia. The aim of this qualitative study was therefore to explore how digitalisation and the recent pandemic have affected finance management skills in people with dementia.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted remotely with people with dementia and unpaid carers living in the UK via phone or Zoom between February and May 2022.

Urea as safe treatment for hyponatremia due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone in infant with solitary central incisor and neurofibromatosis-1.

Objectives: Classic treatment for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is fluid restriction. However, this is not ideal for infants who need large fluid volumes to ensure adequate caloric intake for growth. The use of urea has not been thoroughly studied in children.

Sleep Disorders in Children with Prader Willi Syndrome: Current Perspectives.

Children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) face a multitude of potential health challenges including life-threatening obesity, endocrinopathies, behavioral and emotional dysregulation, developmental delays, and sleep disorders. In the current perspective piece, we provide a focused review of the condition's etiology and clinical findings, as well as a more in-depth discussion of sleep disorders frequently associated with PWS. In particular, we highlight and discuss difficult clinical scenarios frequently encountered by the pediatric sleep physician caring for this patient population, including diagnosis and treatment of complex sleep-related breathing disorders, considerations for sleep apnea surgery, the interplay between growth hormone and sleep apnea, diagnostic challenges in hypersomnia/narcolepsy, and current and emerging therapies for hypersomnia/narcolepsy.

Considering metformin as a second-line treatment for children and adolescents with prediabetes.

Overweight and obesity affect approximately 1/3 of children in the United States and are risk factors for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Progression from prediabetes to diabetes carries substantial long-term health burdens, culminating in decreased life-expectancy. Earlier development of type 2 diabetes is associated with poorer prognoses, and children lose glycemic control more rapidly than adults.

Pediatric growth patterns in youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus: Implications for physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models.

An accurate understanding of the changes in height and weight of children with age is critical to the development of models predicting drug concentrations in children (i.e., physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models).

A new Hendra virus genotype found in Australian flying foxes.

Background: Hendra virus (HeV) has caused lethal disease outbreaks in humans and horses in Australia. Flying foxes are the wildlife reservoir from which the virus was first isolated in 1996. Following a heat stress mortality event in Australian flying foxes in 2013, a novel HeV variant was discovered.

Sero-Monitoring of Horses Demonstrates the Equivac HeV Hendra Virus Vaccine to Be Highly Effective in Inducing Neutralising Antibody Titres.

Hendra virus (HeV) is a high consequence zoonotic pathogen found in Australia. The HeV vaccine was developed for use in horses and provides a One Health solution to the prevention of human disease. By protecting horses from infection, the vaccine indirectly protects humans as well, as horses are the only known source of infection for humans.

The Hendra virus vaccine: perceptions regarding the role of antibody titre testing.

Objectives: To elucidate veterinarians' and horse owners' perceptions towards the use of Hendra virus (HeV) antibody titre testing and how it influences veterinary advice.

Methods: Six semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with veterinarians who have submitted samples for HeV antibody titre testing. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed to identify and report common themes within the data.

Emerging and endemic zoonotic diseases: surveillance and diagnostics.

In this paper, the authors: (a) list methods used to diagnose zoonotic diseases in humans and animals; (b) identify between-species differences in diagnostic approaches, providing commentary on the benefits that might arise from simultaneous interpretation of data from human and animal health surveillance systems; and (c) reiterate the importance of using species-specific, validated diagnostic tests for surveillance and disease outbreak investigations. Emerging and endemic zoonotic diseases are likely to provide a continued threat to global health in the short- to medium-term future. A good deal of knowledge about the drivers of infectious disease emergence has been developed based on numerous examples from the recent past.

Perspectives and challenges in validating new diagnostic technologies.

This paper focuses on several new diagnostic technologies, which are set to dominate the testing landscape in the near future and have applications in animal health diagnostics, namely: next-generation sequencing, assays to detect biomarkers, and point-of-care tests. An example of real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification validation is also provided. Validating these new technologies presents several challenges, which are addressed in this paper.