Transsynaptic labeling and transcriptional control of zebrafish neural circuits.

Deciphering the connectome, the ensemble of synaptic connections that underlie brain function, is a central goal of neuroscience research. Here we report the in vivo mapping of connections between presynaptic and postsynaptic partners in zebrafish, by adapting the trans-Tango genetic approach that was first developed for anterograde transsynaptic tracing in Drosophila. Neural connections were visualized between synaptic partners in larval retina, brain and spinal cord and followed over development.

Integrated care among patients with kidney or urinary bladder cancer: An NCI patterns-of-care analysis.

Introduction: Cancer patients often have complex medical needs from diagnosis to survivorship/end-of-life care. Integrated care, including care coordination, multidisciplinary rounds, and supportive care services, is crucial for high-quality cancer care. Yet, factors influencing integrated care receipt are not well understood.

COVID-19 clinical phenotypes in vaccinated and nonvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients: a multicenter validation study.

Clinical phenotypes of COVID-19, associated with mortality risk, have been identified in the general population. The present study assesses their applicability in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) hospital-admitted by COVID-19. In a cohort of 488 SOTR, nonvaccinated (n = 394) and vaccinated (n = 94) against SARS-CoV-2, we evaluated 16 demographic, clinical, analytical, and radiological variables to identify the clinical phenotypes A, B, and C.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of patient-relevant outcomes in comprehensive cancer centers versus noncomprehensive cancer centers.

This systematic review describes difference in patient-relevant outcomes between comprehensive cancers (CCCs) versus non-CCCs. Studies were identified in PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Epistemonikos, and gray literature from January 2002 to May 2024. Data were extracted and appraised by two authors.

Contribution of health insurance to racial and ethnic disparities in advanced stage diagnosis of 10 cancers.

For many cancer sites, it is unclear to what extent differences in health insurance coverage contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in stage III-IV diagnoses. Using the National Cancer Database (1,893,026 patients aged 18-64 years, diagnosed between 2013-2019), we investigated a potential mediating role of health insurance (privately insured vs uninsured) in explaining racial and ethnic disparities in stage at diagnosis of 10 cancers (ie, breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, cervical, uterine, bladder, head and neck, skin melanoma), detectable early through screening, physical examination, or clinical symptoms. The analyses provided evidence of mediation of non-Hispanic Black vs White disparities in eight cancers (range of proportions mediated: 4.

Disparities in time to treatment with oral antimyeloma medications.

This retrospective cohort study used Taussig Cancer Center's Myeloma Patient Registry to identify adults with multiple myeloma diagnosed between January 2017-December 2021. Electronic health records data captured time from diagnosis to initial prescription fill for oral antimyeloma medications and initiation of facility administered or oral antimyeloma treatment. We identified 720 patients with a mean age at diagnosis of 67 years ±11; 55% were male, 77% White, 22% Black, 1% other races, covered by private insurance (36%), traditional Medicare (29%), Medicare Advantage (25%), and Medicaid (8.

Development and Testing of the WiseApp for Improving Medication Adherence Among Spanish Speakers.

There is evidence to support the use of mHealth tools for improving medication adherence. Building on this evidence, our study team culturally adapted and translated the WiseApp for improving antiretroviral medication adherence in Spanish-speaking persons with HIV. We are currently conducting a multi-site randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the effectiveness and sustainability of the WiseApp for Spanish speakers in New York City and the Dominican Republic.

Cancer Survivors' Experience of Care and Financial Toxicity: Results From a National Survey.

Purpose: Financial toxicity (FT) can adversely affect quality of life, treatment adherence, and clinical outcomes. Patient experience of care (PEC) captures patient's perspectives on interactions with health care providers (HCPs) and systems, but the impact of PEC on FT is unknown. This study examined the relationship between PEC and FT.

The Annual Cost of Cancer Screening in the United States.

Background: Cancer has substantial health, quality-of-life, and economic impacts. Screening may decrease cancer mortality and treatment costs, but the cost of screening in the United States is unknown.

Objective: To estimate the annual cost of initial cancer screening (that is, screening without follow-up costs) in the United States in 2021.

Cost-of-care discussions for individuals with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma: Findings from a large, population-based pilot study.

Background: Costs of cancer care can result in patient financial hardship; many professional organizations recommend provider discussions about treatment costs as part of high-quality care. In this pilot study, the authors examined patient-provider cost discussions documented in the medical records of individuals who were diagnosed with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma-cancers with recently approved, high-cost treatment options.

Methods: Individuals who were newly diagnosed in 2017-2018 with stage III/IV NSCLC (n = 1767) and in 2018 with stage III/IV melanoma (n = 689) from 12 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results regions were randomly selected for the National Cancer Institute Patterns of Care Study.

Genetically defined nucleus incertus neurons differ in connectivity and function.

The nucleus incertus (NI), a conserved hindbrain structure implicated in the stress response, arousal, and memory, is a major site for production of the neuropeptide relaxin-3. On the basis of () expression, we identified a neuronal cluster that lies adjacent to () neurons in the zebrafish analogue of the NI. To delineate the characteristics of the and NI neurons, we used CRISPR/Cas9 targeted integration to drive gene expression specifically in each neuronal group, and found that they differ in their efferent and afferent connectivity, spontaneous activity, and functional properties.

A pragmatic randomized trial of mailed fecal immunochemical testing to increase colorectal cancer screening among low-income and minoritized populations.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is underused, particularly among low-income and minoritized populations, for whom the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged progress in achieving equity.

Methods: A hub-and-spoke model was used. The hub was a nonacademic organization and the spokes were three community health center (CHC) systems overseeing numerous clinic sites.

Extracellular Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Is a Therapeutic Target in Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency of prematurity. Postulated mechanisms leading to inflammatory necrosis of the ileum and colon include activation of the pathogen recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and decreased levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT), a novel damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), is a TLR4 ligand and plays a role in a number of inflammatory disease processes.

Mpox outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A translational approach.

Mpox is a zoonotic disease historically reported in Africa. Since 2003, limited outbreaks have occurred outside Africa. In 2022, the global spread of cases with sustained interhuman transmission and unusual disease features raised public health concerns.

Effectiveness of bio-effectors on maize, wheat and tomato performance and phosphorus acquisition from greenhouse to field scales in Europe and Israel: a meta-analysis.

Biostimulants (Bio-effectors, BEs) comprise plant growth-promoting microorganisms and active natural substances that promote plant nutrient-acquisition, stress resilience, growth, crop quality and yield. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of BEs, particularly under field conditions, appears highly variable and poorly quantified. Using random model meta-analyses tools, we summarize the effects of 107 BE treatments on the performance of major crops, mainly conducted within the EU-funded project BIOFECTOR with a focus on phosphorus (P) nutrition, over five years.

Association of race/ethnicity and patient care experiences with healthcare utilization and healthcare costs among prostate cancer survivors: A SEER-CAHPS study.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the association of race/ethnicity and patient care experiences (PCEs) with healthcare utilization and costs among US older adults with prostate cancer (PCa).

Materials And Methods: The study used data from 2007 to 2015 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results dataset linked to Medicare Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey and Medicare claims (SEER-CAHPS). We identified males aged ≥65 years who completed a CAHPS survey within 6-60 months post-PCa diagnosis.

Role of Patient Characteristics and Insurance Type in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Care Disparities.

Purpose: Little is known about the role of social determinants of health (SDOH) in the utilization of novel treatments among patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used Taussig Cancer Center's Myeloma Patient Registry to identify adults with NDMM between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021. Electronic health records data captured treatment with (1) triplet or quadruplet regimen and (2) lenalidomide during the first year after NDMM, and (3) stem-cell transplant (SCT) through December 31, 2022.

A randomized controlled trial of the dissemination of an mHealth intervention for improving health outcomes: the WiseApp for Spanish-speakers living with HIV study protocol.

Background: While there is no cure for HIV, adherence to antiretroviral therapy can extend the lifespan and improve the quality of life of people with HIV. Despite the global reduction of HIV infection rates in recent years, New York City and La Romana, Dominican Republic, continue to report high infection rates among Latino populations. Many people with HIV remain virally unsuppressed in these geographic hotspots, suggesting a need for additional interventions to overcome medication adherence barriers.

Use of pembrolizumab among older adults with cancer in the United States, before and after FDA approval of its tumor-agnostic indication.

Introduction: Pembrolizumab, an anticancer immunotherapy agent, has received multiple approvals since its first approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2014.

Vibrio cholerae O1 Inhabit Intestines and Spleens of Fish in Aquaculture Ponds.

Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, an acute diarrheal disease that spreads locally and globally in epidemics and pandemics. Although it was discovered that fish harbor V. cholerae strains in their intestines, most investigations revealed non-toxic V.

Reaching "covidianidad": A qualitative study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the perceived mental health of health care workers in the Dominican Republic.

We aimed to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the lives of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Dominican Republic. We also aimed to identify the types of resources that HCWs felt were needed to support their mental health. We used purposive and convenience sampling in four health centers in the eastern Dominican Republic to recruit 28 HCWs (doctors, nurses, psychologists, and community health workers) between April 2021 and August 2021.