Endothelin Inhibitors in Chronic Kidney Disease: New Treatment Prospects.

The endothelin system is reported to play a significant role in glomerular and tubulointerstitial kidney disease. In the kidney, endothelins are produced in mesangial cells and the glomerular basement membrane by the endothelium and podocytes. The endothelin system regulates glomerular function by inducing proliferation, increasing permeability and in effect proteinuria, and stimulating inflammation, tubular fibrosis, and glomerular scarring.

Interstitial Foci Expression of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1: A Potential Biomarker for Kidney Transplant Rejection.

(1) : Kidney transplantation is the best therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease, but the risk of rejection complicates it. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), an enzyme involved in immune response modulation, has been suggested to play a role in transplant immunological injury. The aim of the study was to explore the expression of IDO1 in the interstitial foci of transplanted kidneys and its potential association with rejection episodes.

The clinical meaning of lymphovascular invasion: preoperative predictors and postoperative implications in prostate cancer - a retrospective study.

Introduction: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a pivotal histopathological parameter in prostate cancer (PCa), holding significant prognostic implications. Our study pursued a dual objective: firstly, to identify preoperative factors associated with LVI, aiming to unveil markers facilitating the recognition of patients prone to LVI during postoperative examination; and secondly, to assess postoperative outcomes correlated with LVI.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 861 nonmetastatic PCa patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP), investigating preoperative factors and postoperative outcomes.

Resection of Biliary Cystadenoma in a Pregnant Woman: A Case Report With Five Years of Follow-Up.

Biliary cystadenomas (BCAs), rare cystic tumors occurring in the biliary system, account for fewer than 5% of cystic lesions in the liver. This case details successful resection in a 29-year-old pregnant woman at seven weeks gestation. Urgent left hemihepatectomy and cholecystectomy removed a mucinous hepatobiliary cystadenoma.

Interstitial Cells of Cajal and PX Receptors at Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction and Their Relationship with Pain Response.

: Etiopathogenesis and the symptomatology of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in the pediatric population has not yet been definitely clarified, suggesting a multifactorial nature of the condition. The aim was to analyze the association between the number of Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICCs), as well as PX receptors in ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) and the pain response in pediatric patients with hydronephrosis. 50 patients with congenital hydronephrosis underwent open or laparoscopic pyeloplasty at one of two departments of pediatric surgery and urology in Poland.

Expression of Immunotherapy Target PRAME in Cancer Correlates with Histone H3 Acetylation and Is Unrelated to Expression of Methylating (DMNT3A/3B) and Demethylating (TET1) Enzymes.

Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME), a member of the cancer testis antigen family, is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of PRAME expression might be crucial for optimizing anti-PRAME treatments. Three malignancies of different lineages (sinonasal melanoma, testicular seminoma, and synovial sarcoma), in which immunohistochemical (IHC) reactivity for PRAME is a common yet variable feature, were studied.

RhoA/ROCK Pathway Is Upregulated in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis and Is Inhibited by Simvastatin at the Stage of Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation.

Many studies have proven the involvement of the RhoA/ROCK pathway in autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases and the beneficial effects of its downregulation. Here, we examined whether the effect of simvastatin on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) may be through targeting the Ras homolog family member A/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (RhoA/ROCK) pathway and whether previously shown downregulation of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) could be associated with MLC phosphorylation. Two doses of simvastatin were administered to experimental rats with autoimmune myocarditis by gastric gavage for 3 weeks, at the stage of development of the inflammatory process.

HPV related p16 and HSV in benign and potentially malignant oral mucosa pathologies.

Background: The association of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Human Syncytial Virus (HSV) infection with inflammatory and potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity (OPMD) is unknown. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to stablish the expression of the p16 and HSV proteins, to test potential correlation between those parameters in biopsies from clinically diagnosed oral lesions.

Methods: Immunochemical analysis of 211 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks from 211 individuals was provided.

Association of Lymphovascular Invasion with Lymph Node Metastases in Prostate Cancer-Lateralization Concept.

Background: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a vital but often overlooked prognostic factor in prostate cancer. As debates on lymphadenectomy's overtreatment emerge, understanding LVI laterality gains importance. This study pioneers the investigation into PCa, aiming to uncover patterns that could influence tailored surgical strategies in the future.

Should we use risk selection tests for HPV 16 and/or 18 positive cases: Comparison of p16/Ki67 and cytology.

Major screening abnormalities in precolposcopic stage are tests results that imply direct referral to colposcopy (and/or expedited treatment) without performing additional high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+) risk selection testing. Currently, both clinically validated HSIL+ risk selection tests, reflex cytology and reflex p16/Ki67 dual staining (DS), are being compared for use in primary human papillomavirus (HPV)-based screening to avoid possible overtreatment, but there is still no sufficient data available for their performance. Among 30 066 liquid-based cervical cancer screening tests results, a group of 332 women was selected with available high-risk types of HPV tests results with 16/18 limited genotyping, liquid-based cytology, DS, and histology results from standardized colposcopy with biopsy.

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in Kidney Transplantation: A Guardian against Rejection.

Kidney transplantation is a crucial treatment for end-stage kidney disease, with immunosuppressive drugs helping to reduce acute rejection rates. However, kidney graft longevity remains a concern. This study explores the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in kidney transplant immunology.

p16/Ki67 dual stain triage versus cytology in primary human papillomavirus-based cervical cancer screening with limited genotyping.

The introduction of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical cancer screening requires the implementation of an appropriate triage strategy that will be effective in detecting high-grade cervical disease without losing diagnostic specificity. From the 30.066 screening tests results, a total of 1086 with available high-risk human papillomavirus (HRHPV) with limited genotyping, cytology, and p16/Ki67 dual-stain were selected.

Utility of Immunohistochemistry With Antibodies to SS18-SSX Chimeric Proteins and C-Terminus of SSX Protein for Synovial Sarcoma Differential Diagnosis.

Synovial sarcoma is a relatively common soft tissue tumor characterized by highly specific t(X;18)(p11;q11) translocation resulting in the fusion of SS18 with members of SSX gene family. Typically, detection of SS18 locus rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization or SS18 :: SSX fusion transcripts confirms the diagnosis. More recently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for SS18-SSX chimeric protein (E9X9V) and C-terminus of SSX (E5A2C) showed high specificity and sensitivity for synovial sarcoma.

Triage Strategies for Non-16/Non-18 HPV-Positive Women in Primary HPV-Based Cervical Cancer Screening: p16/Ki67 Dual Stain vs. Cytology.

Background: In the context of primary HPV cervical cancer screening, the identification of minor screening abnormalities necessitates triage tests to optimize management and mitigate overtreatment. Currently, reflex cytology and reflex p16/Ki67 dual-stain (DS) are under scrutiny for their applicability in primary HPV-based screening. However, there remains a dearth of comprehensive data for comparing their performance.

Comparative analysis of GOLPH3 expression in lymph node-positive prostate cancer: immunohistochemistry staining patterns and clinical significance.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Lymph node metastasis is a poor prognostic factor for PCa. Previous studies have found that Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is overexpressed in various cancers, including PCa.

Role of IL-17A and IL-17RA in Prostate Cancer with Lymph Nodes Metastasis: Expression Patterns and Clinical Significance.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer among men. The use of IL-17A and its receptor IL-17RA as prognostic markers for PCa has shown promising results. We analyzed the clinical data of 77 patients with PCa after radical prostatectomy with lymphadenectomy and lymph node metastasis (LN+).

Prognosis of patients with T1 low-grade urothelial bladder cancer treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy.

Background: The existence and prognosis of T1LG (T1 low-grade) bladder cancer is controversial. Also, because of data paucity, it remains unclear what is the clinical history of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treated T1LG tumors and if it differs from other NMIBC (non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer) representatives. The aim of this study was to analyse recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with T1LG bladder cancers treated with BCG immunotherapy.

Diagnostic Value of the Sentinel Lymph Node Technique in Patients with Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Background: The optimal limits of the bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) template in bladder cancer treatment remain controversial. This study aimed to investigate whether radio-guided sentinel node (SLN) detection is a reliable technique for the perioperative localisation of potential lymphatic metastasis during cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Materials And Methods: We studied 54 patients with pT2-pT4 MIBC who underwent cystectomy with extended PLND (ePLND) augmented by the SLN technique.

Evaluation of the Value of Perfusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Differential Diagnosis of Sellar and Parasellar Tumors.

The purpose of this study was to assess the value of perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) in the differential diagnosis of sellar and parasellar tumors, as an additional sequence in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. Analysis was based on a substantial group of subjects and included 124 brain and pituitary MRI examinations with a dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) PWI sequence. The following perfusion parameters were determined for the tumors: relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative peak height (rPH) and relative percentage of signal intensity recovery (rPSR).

Diabetic Muscle Infarction-A Rare Diabetic Complication: Literature Review and Case Report.

We present a case of a 31-year-old patient with type 1 diabetes diagnosed at the age of 6. Diabetes is complicated with neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. He has been admitted to the diabetes ward due to inadequate diabetes control.