Transmission-Based Monitoring of Dual-Applicator Microwave Ablation Discriminates Discontiguous from Contiguous Ablation Zones in an In Vivo Porcine Liver Model.

Purpose: To determine the technical feasibility of discriminating discontiguous from contiguous ablation zones between a pair of microwave ablation (MWA) applicators using broadband microwave transmission signal measurements in an in vivo porcine liver model.

Methods: Dual applicator 2.45GHz MWA was performed using one directional and one omnidirectional applicator, spaced 3cm apart, under imaging guidance.

Influence of Teaching Satisfaction of Search Interpretation Errors on Detection of Radiographic Edge-and-Corner Lesions by Fourth-Year Veterinary Students.

Edge-and-corner (E&C) pathology is defined as clinically relevant findings in diagnostic imaging that are located at the physical periphery of studies and thus easily overlooked. Satisfaction of search is a perceptive interpretation error which can compound the difficulty of detecting E&C lesions. Guiding veterinary students to systematically identify these lesions would likely benefit their training, and the authors sought to determine whether teaching the concept of satisfaction of search could influence students' ability to detect E&C lesions.

Resolution of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and reversible left ventricular hypertrophy in 4 cats.

This case series describes spontaneous resolution of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, cessation of a dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and reverse cardiac remodeling in 4 young cats. Following initial presentation with or without congestive heart failure, subsequent rechecks documented resolution of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and normalization of left heart dimensions. Those cats originally presented with congestive heart failure were successfully weaned off diuretic medications.

Ex vivo evaluation of the soft tissue components of the equine stifle using 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging under flexion, extension, and loading.

High-field MRI of the equine stifle provides high-resolution information about soft tissues that is useful in the diagnosis of stifle lameness. The aim of this prospective anatomic study was to describe the appearance, position, size, and shape of the equine femorotibial ligaments, meniscal ligaments, and menisci using 3 Tesla MRI under extended, extended-loaded, and flexed conditions. Additionally, histologic examination of the collateral and cruciate ligaments (CLs) of a single stifle was performed to compare with MRI images.

64-Slice ECG-gated computed tomographic angiography for assessment of coronary arteries in brachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis.

Background: Brachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis are known to have a higher incidence of concurrent coronary artery abnormalities than non-brachycephalic breeds, which increases risk when performing balloon valvuloplasty. The use of ECG-gated CT angiography has been reported for the evaluation of coronary arteries in normal dogs and dogs with pulmonary stenosis. The purpose of this study was to report findings of coronary artery origination and morphology of main branches using ECG-gated CT angiography in brachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis.

Directional microwave ablation in spine: experimental assessment of computational modeling.

Background: Despite the theoretical advantages of treating metastatic bone disease with microwave ablation (MWA), there are few reports characterizing microwave absorption and bioheat transfer in bone. This report describes a computational modeling-based approach to simulate directional microwave ablation (dMWA) in spine, supported by and pilot experiments in porcine vertebral bodies.

Materials And Methods: A 3D computational model of microwave ablation within porcine vertebral bodies was developed.

Bayesian latent-class modelling of quarantine testing procedures for American Bison (Bison bison) in the Greater Yellowstone Area to determine Brucella abortus freedom.

Objective: American bison (Bison bison) quarantine protocols were established to prevent transmission of brucellosis outside the Greater Yellowstone Area, while allowing for distribution of wild bison for conservation and cultural purposes. Quarantine standards require rigorous testing over 900 days which has led to the release of over 200 bison to Native American tribes. Standards were evaluated using 15 years of laboratory and management data to minimize the burden of testing and increase the number of brucellosis-free bison available for distribution.

An exploration of within-herd dynamics of a transboundary livestock disease: A foot and mouth disease case study.

Transboundary livestock diseases are a high priority for policy makers because of the serious economic burdens associated with infection. In order to make well informed preparedness and response plans, policy makers often utilize mathematical models to understand possible outcomes of different control strategies and outbreak scenarios. Many of these models focus on the transmission between herds and the overall trajectory of the outbreak.

Multifocal spinal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in a juvenile paraparetic dog.

A 1-year-old, female English Bulldog presented with a 10-day history of progressive paraparesis. Neuroanatomical localization was consistent with T3-L3 segment myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a severely compressive, mildly contrast enhancing, extradural, dorsal, broad-based mass at the level of L3-4.

The Importance of Livestock Demography and Infrastructure in Driving Foot and Mouth Disease Dynamics.

Transboundary animal diseases, such as foot and mouth disease (FMD) pose a significant and ongoing threat to global food security. Such diseases can produce large, spatially complex outbreaks. Mathematical models are often used to understand the spatio-temporal dynamics and create response plans for possible disease introductions.

Modeling nation-wide U.S. swine movement networks at the resolution of the individual premises.

The spread of infectious livestock diseases is a major cause for concern in modern agricultural systems. In the dynamics of the transmission of such diseases, movements of livestock between herds play an important role. When constructing mathematical models used for activities such as forecasting epidemic development, evaluating mitigation strategies, or determining important targets for disease surveillance, including between-premises shipments is often a necessity.

Realistic assumptions about spatial locations and clustering of premises matter for models of foot-and-mouth disease spread in the United States.

Spatially explicit livestock disease models require demographic data for individual farms or premises. In the U.S.

Effects of regional differences and demography in modelling foot-and-mouth disease in cattle at the national scale.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a fast-spreading viral infection that can produce large and costly outbreaks in livestock populations. Transmission occurs at multiple spatial scales, as can the actions used to control outbreaks. The US cattle industry is spatially expansive, with heterogeneous distributions of animals and infrastructure.

Spatio-temporal patterns and characteristics of swine shipments in the U.S. based on Interstate Certificates of Veterinary Inspection.

Domestic swine production in the United States is a critical economic and food security industry, yet there is currently no large-scale quantitative assessment of swine shipments available to support risk assessments. In this study, we provide a national-level characterization of the swine industry by quantifying the demographic (i.e.

Estimating and exploring the proportions of inter- and intrastate cattle shipments in the United States.

Mathematical models are key tools for the development of surveillance, preparedness and response plans for the potential events of emerging and introduced foreign animal diseases. Creating these types of plans requires data; when data are incomplete, mathematical models can help fill in missing information, provided they are informed by the data that are available. In the United States, the most complete national-scale data available on cattle shipments are based on Interstate Certificates of Veterinary Inspection, which track the shipment of cattle between states; data on intrastate cattle shipments are lacking.

Strain echocardiography identifies impaired longitudinal systolic function in patients with septic shock and preserved ejection fraction.

Background: Myocardial dysfunction is recognized in sepsis. We hypothesized that mechanical left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular function analysed using 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in a cohort of early severe sepsis or septic shock patients, would be different to that of a group of critically ill, non-septic patients.

Methods: Critically ill adult patients with early, severe sepsis/septic shock (n = 48) and major trauma patients with no sepsis (n = 24) were included retrospectively, as well as healthy controls (n = 16).

Pulmonary artery sarcoma mimicking pulmonary embolism.

Primary sarcomas that arise from major blood vessels are exceedingly rare, and some of the published cases have been autopsy reports. Most patients are adults. We report a case of pulmonary artery sarcoma in a 77-year-old man who presented with acute onset of dyspnea.

Mediastinal paraganglioma between the great vessels in an 81-year-old woman.

Nonfunctional paragangliomas are slow-growing, typically benign tumors that arise from the extra-adrenal paraganglion of the autonomic nervous system. They are identified and characterized with the use of computed tomography and other imaging methods; for definitive diagnosis, histopathologic evaluation is crucial. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice, and results of postoperative biochemical testing can reveal recurrence.

Effectiveness of critical event debriefings during Operation Iraqi Freedom II.

Team members of a US Army medical combat stress control unit provided critical event debriefings for military personnel who were directly involved in a traumatic event during Operation Iraqi Freedom II. Each person attending the debriefing was then given a short 5-question survey immediately following the session. Out of the 396 participants who completed the survey questionnaire, 273 felt the debriefing given by the team was helpful, 97 had no opinion, and 26 did not feel it was helpful.

Use of cardiopulmonary bypass for tracheal resection: a case report.

Although ventilatory support can be life-saving, it also has adverse effects, including postintubation tracheal stenosis caused by damage to the larynx and trachea. Cardiopulmonary bypass is generally not used for the surgical management of tracheal stenosis; however, we have found that the use of cardiopulmonary bypass can be advantageous during tracheal resection and reconstruction.

Preliminary results of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm exclusion with the AneuRx stent-graft.

Objectives: This study evaluated the clinical effectiveness of the Medtronic AneuRx stent-graft in patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) who were treated in an endovascular suite.

Background: The use of endovascular stent-graft prosthesis for the treatment of AAAs is receiving increasing attention as an alternative to standard surgical repair. Endovascular treatment of AAAs offers the potential to avoid the significant morbidity and mortality associated with surgical repair.