Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity Independent of Stationary Time Is Associated With Better Functional Outcomes Over Four-Years in Individuals With or at Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a progressive joint disease that causes pain and disability, impairing physical function. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is recommended for knee osteoarthritis, while stationary time, independent of activity, may negatively impact health outcomes. We hypothesised that individuals with the highest MVPA and lowest stationary time would have better long-term function compared to those with the lowest MVPA and highest stationary time, as well as those with high levels of both MVPA and stationary time.

Coordination of care reduces conflict and predation risk in a cooperatively breeding bird.

When two or more individuals cooperate to provision a shared brood, each carer may be able to maximize their payoffs by coordinating provisioning in relation to what others are doing. This investment "game" is not simply a matter of how much to invest but also of the relative timing of investment. Recent studies propose that temporal coordination of care in the forms of alternation (i.

Development and validation of electronic health record-based, machine learning algorithms to predict quality of life among family practice patients.

Health-related quality of life (HRQol) is a crucial dimension of care outcomes. Many HRQoL measures exist, but methodological and implementation challenges impede primary care (PC) use. We aim to develop and evaluate a novel machine learning (ML) algorithm that predicts binary risk levels among PC patients by combining validated elements from existing measures with demographic data from patient electronic health records (eHR) to increase predictive accuracy while reducing prospectively-collected data required to generate valid risk estimates.

Altered Hip Flexor and Extensor Activation During Progressive Inclined Walking in Individuals With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Context: Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a movement-related condition associated with pain and impaired function; yet the evidence for level ground walking hip biomechanics is limited and inconsistent. Challenging the hip with inclined walking for individuals with FAIS might be important for elucidating mechanically driven function loss and informing tailored rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of progressive inclined walking on sagittal hip biomechanics and hip flexor and extensor activity in individuals with FAIS.

A Simple and Sequential Strategy for the Introduction of Complexity and Hierarchy in Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework (HOF) Crystals for Environmental Applications.

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are a new class of crystalline porous organic molecular materials (POMMs) with great potential for a diverse range of applications. HOFs face common challenges to POMMs, and in general to purely organic crystals, that is, the difficulty of integrating complexity in crystals. Herein, we propose a simple and sequential strategy for the formation of HOFs with hierarchical superstructures.

Early life conditions influence fledging success and subsequent local recruitment rates in a declining migratory songbird, the Whinchat .

Life history traits and environmental conditions influence reproductive success in animals, and consequences of these can influence subsequent survival and recruitment into breeding populations. Understanding influences on demographic rates is required to determine the causes of decline. Migratory species experience spatially and temporally variable conditions across their annual cycle, making identifying where the factors influencing demographic rates operate challenging.

Biased pollen transfer by bumblebees favors the paternity of virus-infected plants in cross-pollination.

We used a marker gene for paternity analysis to determine if virus infection affected male reproductive success of tomato in bumblebee-mediated cross-pollination under glasshouse conditions. We found that bumblebees that visited flowers of infected plants showed a strong preference to subsequently visit flowers of non-infected plants. The behavior of the bumblebees to move toward non-infected plants after pollinating virus-infected plants appears to explain the paternity data, which demonstrate a statistically significant ∼10-fold bias for fertilization of non-infected plants with pollen from infected parents.

Beyond Microporosity in Porous Organic Molecular Materials (POMMs).

Porous organic molecular materials (POMMs) are a novel class of porous materials that cover a wide range of organic-based molecular building blocks connected through weak supramolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, π-π stacking, van der Waals and electrostatic interactions. Despite of their diverse chemical and structural nature, common features to POMMs include solution processability, crystallinity and microporosity. Herein, we focus, for the first time, on the advance of the field of POMMs beyond the archetypical microporosity.

Hierarchical Assembly of a Micro- and Macroporous Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework with Tailored Single-Crystal Size.

Porous organic molecular materials represent an emergent field of research in Chemistry and Materials Science due to their unique combination of properties. To enhance their performance and expand the number of applications, the incorporation of hierarchical porosity is required, as exclusive microporosity entails several limitations. However, the integration of macropores in porous organic molecular materials is still an outstanding challenge.

Experimental evolution of a more restrained clutch size when filial cannibalism is prevented in burying beetles .

The overproduction of offspring is commonly associated with high hatching failure and a mechanism for dispensing with surplus young. We used experimental evolution of burying beetle populations to determine causality in these correlations. We asked does eliminating the mechanism for killing "spare" offspring cause the evolution of a more restrained clutch size and consequently select for reduced hatching failure? .

Promoting Executive Function Skills in Preschoolers Using a Play-Based Program.

In recent years, play has been shown to be a powerful means to enhance learning and brain development. It is also known that through play children enhance their executive function (EF) skills. Furthermore, well-developed EF in preschoolers has been shown to be an important predictor for later academic and life success.

Adaptive evolution of synchronous egg-hatching in compensation for the loss of parental care.

Interactions among siblings are finely balanced between rivalry and cooperation, but the factors that tip the balance towards cooperation are incompletely understood. Previous observations of insect species suggest that (i) sibling cooperation is more likely when siblings hatch at the same time, and (ii) this is more common when parents provide little to no care. In this paper, we tested these ideas experimentally with the burying beetle, Burying beetles convert the body of a small dead vertebrate into an edible nest for their larvae, and provision and guard their young after hatching.

Using a Common Form for Consistent Collection and Reporting of FASD Data from Across Canada: A Feasibility Study.

Background: This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of collecting information on individuals newly diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) in multi-disciplinary diagnostic programs across Canada.

Objective: To determine the frequencies of specific diagnoses within the spectrum, the frequencies and patterns of specific functional deficits, and the range of recommendations made for intervention and management for children and adults.

Methods: All qualifying clinics in Canada were invited to join this project and complete questionnaires on the patients that were seen during the research period.

Event-by-event fluctuations of azimuthal particle anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at square root(sNN) = 200 GeV.

This Letter presents the first measurement of event-by-event fluctuations of the elliptic flow parameter v(2) in Au+Au collisions at square root(s(NN))=200 GeV as a function of collision centrality. The relative nonstatistical fluctuations of the v(2) parameter are found to be approximately 40%. The results, including contributions from event-by-event elliptic flow fluctuations and from azimuthal correlations that are unrelated to the reaction plane (nonflow correlations), establish an upper limit on the magnitude of underlying elliptic flow fluctuations.

High transverse momentum triggered correlations over a large pseudorapidity acceptance in Au + Au collisions at square root(s(NN)) = 200 GeV.

A measurement of two-particle correlations with a high transverse momentum trigger particle (p(T)(trig) > 2.5 GeV/c) is presented for Au+Au collisions at square root(s(NN)) = 200 GeV over the uniquely broad longitudinal acceptance of the PHOBOS detector (-4 < Delta eta < 2). A broadening of the away-side azimuthal correlation compared to elementary collisions is observed at all Delta eta.

Factors influencing frontal cortex development and recovery from early frontal injury.

Background: Neocortical development represents more than a simple unfolding of a genetic blueprint but rather represents a complex dance of genetic and environmental events that interact to adapt the brain to fit a particular environmental context. Although most cortical regions are sensitive to a wide range of experiential factors during development and later in life, the prefrontal cortex appears to be unusually sensitive to perinatal experiences and relatively immune to many adulthood experiences relative to other neocortical regions.

Methods And Results: One way to examine experience-dependent prefrontal development is to conduct studies in which experiential perturbations are related neuronal morphology.

System size, energy, pseudorapidity, and centrality dependence of elliptic flow.

This Letter presents measurements of the elliptic flow of charged particles as a function of pseudorapidity and centrality from Cu-Cu collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV using the PHOBOS detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The elliptic flow in Cu-Cu collisions is found to be significant even for the most central events.

Energy dependence of directed flow over a wide range of pseudorapidity in Au + Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

We report on measurements of directed flow as a function of pseudorapidity in Au + Au collisions at energies of square root of SNN = 19.6, 62.4, 130 and 200 GeV as measured by the PHOBOS detector at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.

Methoxy-resorufin ether as an electrochemically active biological probe for cytochrome P450 O-demethylation.

This paper describes the utilisation of methoxy-resorufin ether as an electrochemical probe for studying cytochrome P450 CYP6G1. Methoxy-resorufin ether is well established as a versatile substrate for cytochrome P450, as its demethylated product, resorufin, is a fluorophore. We show that in addition to these established properties, methoxy-resorufin ether also exhibits reversible two electron transfer on glassy carbon and edge plane graphite electrodes.

Energy dependence of elliptic flow over a large pseudorapidity range in Au+Au collisions at the BNL relativistic heavy ion collider.

This Letter describes the measurement of the energy dependence of elliptic flow for charged particles in Au+Au collisions using the PHOBOS detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Data taken at collision energies of square root of s(NN)=19.6, 62.

Centrality dependence of charged hadron transverse momentum spectra in Au+Au collisions from sqrt[s(NN)]=62.4 to 200 GeV.

We have measured transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=62.4 GeV. The spectra are presented for transverse momenta 0.

Nanoanalytical measurement of protein orientation on conductive sensor surfaces.

The control of protein immobilisation and orientation at surfaces is of increasing relevance in biotechnological devices. These devices include reproducible biosensors, biofuel cells, and protein arrays, all of which require the immobilisation of protein/enzymatic sensing elements with retention of their activity. The control of protein orientation upon immobilisation is of importance in (1) facilitating equal access of analyte molecules to the protein that acts as a sensing element and (2) creating favourable interactions to stabilise the protein on the surface for long-term storage and usage of bio-devices.

Pseudorapidity distribution of charged particles in d+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=200 GeV.

The measured pseudorapidity distribution of primary charged particles in minimum-bias d+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV is presented for the first time. This distribution falls off less rapidly in the gold direction as compared to the deuteron direction. The average value of the charged particle pseudorapidity density at midrapidity is |eta|< or =0.

Preliminary assessment of U.K. human dietary and inhalation exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers.

This study reports concentrations of BDEs 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154 in outdoor air [median sigmaPBDE (sum of BDEs 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154) = 18 pg m(-3)] in air from a range of office and home indoor microenvironments (median sigmaPBDE = 762 pg m(-3)) and vegan and omnivorous duplicate diet samples (median sigmaPBDE = 154 and 181 pg g(-1) dryweightforvegan and omnivorous diets, respectively). Median daily human exposure to sigmaPBDE via inhalation is 6.9 ng/person and 90.

Real-time scanning tunnelling microscopy imaging of protein motion at electrode surfaces.

A mutant (K27C) of the blue copper protein azurin [Eur. J. Biochem.