Caffeine induces alveolar bone loss in rats submitted to orthodontic movement via activation of receptor activator of nuclear factor ҡB, receptor activator of nuclear factor ҡB ligand, and osteoprotegerin pathway.

Introduction: Caffeine is a widely consumed substance with several effects on bone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of caffeine on the bone tissue of rats submitted to orthodontic movement.

Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats underwent orthodontic movement (21 days) of the first permanent maxillary molars on the left side.

Do the miniscrews of the prefabricated systems for the "appliance first" protocol of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion have lengths that meet the palatal thickness of patients?

Introduction: In the "appliance first" protocol of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion, the prefabricated shape of the expanders limits the potential locations for miniscrew placement. Considering the influence of palatal thickness on the selection of the optimal length of miniscrews, this study aimed to evaluate the thickness of both bone and mucosa of the palate of patients aged 6-65 years and suggest optimal lengths of miniscrews for this approach.

Methods: Two hundred and eighty-two cone-beam computed tomography of patients of both sexes were divided into 3 groups according to age.

Influence of rapid maxillary expansion on nocturnal enuresis in children.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children to discuss whether RME can be indicated as an alternative treatment for NE in those patients.

Materials And Methods: An electronic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and LILACS. The literature review was blindly performed by two reviewers.

The influence of sagittal position of the mandible in facial attractiveness and social perception.

Objective:: This study aims at comparing the perception of orthodontists, maxillofacial surgeons, visual artists and laypersons when evaluating the influence of sagittal position of the mandible - in lateral view - in facial attractiveness; at a job hiring; and in the perception of socioeconomic profile.

Methods:: A black male, a white male, a black female and a white female with harmonic faces served as models to obtain a facial profile photograph. Each photograph was digitally manipulated to obtain seven facial profiles: an ideal, three simulating mandibular advancement and three simulating mandibular retrusion, producing 28 photographs.