Vaping nicotine and cannabis on the same occasion is linked to increased vaping consumption among young adults: A smartphone-based daily diary study.

Significance: Vaping both nicotine and cannabis in the past 30 days (co-vaping) is common among young adults. It is unclear which co-vaping patterns may increase substance use and dependence. We examined day-level associations between vaping patterns with vaping quantity.

Genetic findings in people with schwannomas who do not meet clinical diagnostic criteria for -related schwannomatosis.

Background: Most schwannomas are isolated tumours occurring in otherwise healthy people. However, bilateral vestibular schwannomas (BVS) or multiple non-vestibular schwannomas indicate an underlying genetic predisposition. This is most commonly -related schwannomatosis (SWN), but when BVS are absent, this can also indicate -related or -related SWN.

Variances in Smoking Expectancies Predict Moment-to-Moment Smoking Behaviors in Everyday Life.

Background: Many policy decisions about tobacco control are predicated on rational choice models, which posit (1) that smokers are aware of the risks of cigarettes and (2) that perceived risks have a consistent influence on continued smoking behavior. However, research shows that beliefs about smoking may be vulnerable to changes in internal and external contexts.

Methods: Using ecological momentary assessment, we tested this by measuring how smokers' (N = 52) beliefs about smoking varied over time.

Marijuana and E-cigarette Initiation Among Adolescents: A Survival Analysis.

Purpose: Prior literature suggests marijuana and e-cigarette initiation among adolescents is surpassing combustible cigarette uptake. Marijuana and nicotine co-use is also a concern as these products grow in popularity. Initiation trajectories for marijuana and e-cigarette products are not well understood, let alone how the use of one product may impact initiation susceptibility for the other.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy for Vestibular Schwannoma in NF2-Related Schwannomatosis.

Objectives: To determine the long-term control rates and hearing outcomes for growing vestibular schwannoma in NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2) treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated radiotherapy (FRT).

Methods: Retrospective review of all patients treated with SRS/FRT between 1986 and2021 from a tertiary NF2 unit. Overall tumor control was defined as: (1) growth control (growth failure was defined as growth in any dimension of 3 millimetres or more from baseline post-SRS/FRT), and (2) treatment control (no need for further intervention).

Dopamine D1-like receptors modulate synchronized oscillations in the hippocampal-prefrontal-amygdala circuit in contextual fear.

Contextual fear conditioning (CFC) is mediated by a neural circuit that includes the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, but the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the regulation of CFC by neuromodulators remain unclear. Dopamine D1-like receptors (D1Rs) in this circuit regulate CFC and local synaptic plasticity, which is facilitated by synchronized oscillations between these areas. In rats, we determined the effects of systemic D1R blockade on CFC and oscillatory synchrony between dorsal hippocampus (DH), prelimbic (PL) cortex, basolateral amygdala (BLA), and ventral hippocampus (VH), which sends hippocampal projections to PL and BLA.

Electrophysiological variability during tests of executive functioning: A comparison of athletes with and without concussion and sedentary control participants.

Objective: Sport participation may benefit executive functioning (EF), but EF can also be adversely affected by concussion, which can occur during sport participation. Neural variability is an emerging proxy of brain health that indexes the brain's range of possible responses to incoming stimuli (i.e.

Intramuscular coherence enables robust assessment of modulated supra-spinal input in human gait: an inter-dependence study of visual task and walking speed.

Intramuscular high-frequency coherence is increased during visually guided treadmill walking as a consequence of increased supra-spinal input. The influence of walking speed on intramuscular coherence and its inter-trial reproducibility need to be established before adoption as a functional gait assessment tool in clinical settings. Here, fifteen healthy controls performed a normal and a target walking task on a treadmill at various speeds (0.

A Prospective Audit Comparing Optos Widefield Imaging to Fundus Examination for Von Hippel-Lindau Retinal Screening.

Background Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder caused by germline mutations at chromosome in the VHLtumour suppressor gene. Retinal manifestations include capillary haemangiomas that develop in up to 80% of gene carriers. Lifelong retinal surveillance involves yearly assessment usually by fundoscopy and often as part of a VHL multidisciplinary clinic.

Intramuscular coherence during challenging walking in incomplete spinal cord injury: Reduced high-frequency coherence reflects impaired supra-spinal control.

Individuals regaining reliable day-to-day walking function after incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) report persisting unsteadiness when confronted with walking challenges. However, quantifiable measures of walking capacity lack the sensitivity to reveal underlying impairments of supra-spinal locomotor control. This study investigates the relationship between intramuscular coherence and corticospinal dynamic balance control during a visually guided Target walking treadmill task.

A Case for Genetic Testing in Isolated Tympanic Paragangliomas.

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe two clinical cases, which we believe highlight the need to consider routine genetic testing of all patients with new diagnosis of a tympanic paraganglioma (PGL).

Patients: Two patients seen in the ENT clinic at a tertiary center with a diagnosis of isolated tympanic PGL, without family history.

Intervention: Since 2016, all patients with newly diagnosed isolated tympanic PGL (glomus tympanicum) are offered review by the clinical genetic team and genetic testing of a panel of paraganglioma/phaeochromocytoma predisposition genes.

Assessment of the validity of the beta-lactam antibiotic allergy assessment tool for use in the rural context, QLD.

Objective(s): The objective of the study was to validate a clinical aid to guide the assessment and management of a patient's listed beta-lactam antibiotic allergy for use in rural areas of Australia.

Design: Rural generalists, pharmacists and junior doctors completed an online assessment of eight patient case studies using the tool.

Setting: The study was conducted in the Southern Downs, QLD.

Mind your step: Target walking task reveals gait disturbance in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury.

Background: Walking over obstacles requires precise foot placement while maintaining balance control of the center of mass (CoM) and the flexibility to adapt the gait patterns. Most individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) are capable of overground walking on level ground; however, gait stability and adaptation may be compromised. CoM control was investigated during a challenging target walking (TW) task in individuals with iSCI compared to healthy controls.

Evaluation of tumour surveillance protocols and outcomes in von Hippel-Lindau disease in a national health service.

Background: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an inherited tumour predisposition syndrome and a paradigm for the importance of early diagnosis and surveillance. However, there is limited information on the "real world" management of VHL disease.

Methods: A national audit of VHL disease in the United Kingdom.

Functional near infrared spectroscopy activation during an executive function task differs between healthy older and younger adults.

Background: Healthy aging can include declines in processing speed and executive function. Further research is needed to characterize the neurobiological underpinnings of these cognitive changes in older adulthood. The current study used functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), an optical neuroimaging technique, to examine differences in cerebral oxygenation between healthy older adults (OA) and younger adults (YA) during a measure of cognitive interference.

On the Ethics of Vaccine Nationalism: The Case for the Fair Priority for Residents Framework.

COVID-19 vaccines are likely to be scarce for years to come. Many countries, from India to the U.K.