The risk of developing a mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer after undergoing cholecystectomy.

Objectives: Mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) is caused by inactivation of the MMR DNA repair system, most commonly via epigenetic inactivation of the MLH1 gene, and these tumors occur most frequently in the right colon. The objective was to determine whether cholecystectomy (CCY) increases the risk of a dMMR CRC by comparing CCY incidence in patients with dMMR CRC and proficient MMR (pMMR) CRC to unaffected controls.

Materials And Methods: All patients diagnosed with CRC in Iceland from 2000 to 2009 (n = 1171) were included.

[Change in attitude towards antibiotic prescriptions among Icelandic general practitioners].

Introduction: Antibiotic use is a leading cause of antibiotic resistance and it is therefore important to reduce unnecessary prescribing in Iceland where antibiotic use is relatively high. The purpose of this study was to explore antibiotic prescribing practices among Icelandic physicians and compare the results with results of comparable studies from 1991 and 1995 conducted by the Directorate of Health, Iceland.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among all general practitioners registered in Iceland in 1991 and 1995 and all physicians registered in March 2014.

Do patients initiate therapy? Primary non-adherence to statins and antidepressants in Iceland.

Background: Primary non-adherence occurs when a drug has been prescribed but the patient fails to have it dispensed at the pharmacy.

Aims: To assess primary non-adherence to statins and antidepressants in Iceland, the association of demographic factors with primary non-adherence, and the time from when a prescription is issued until it is dispensed.

Methods: Data on patients receiving a new prescription for a statin or an antidepressant from the Primary Health Care database were linked with dispensing histories from The Icelandic Prescription Database.

A nationwide study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drug use among adults in Iceland 2003-2012.

In this study, we leveraged on complete nationwide prescription data for the total adult population in Iceland (N = 227,000) to examine how attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drugs have been used over the past decade. In particular, we aimed to describe the prevalence, incidence and duration of use of stimulants and atomoxetine, among adults (≥19 years) in Iceland, with regard to sex, age, type of drug and specialty of the prescribing physician. Our results indicate that the 1-year period prevalence of ADHD drug use rose, from 2.

Clinical consequences following regulatory changes in respect to reimbursement of statins cost by the Icelandic Social Insurance Administration.

Introduction: On 1 March 2009, a new reimbursement system was introduced by the Ministry of Health of Iceland regarding drugs to treat hyperlipidaemia. The Social Insurance Administration was only authorised to reimburse 10 and 20 mg simvastatin unless patients were eligible to receive a medical card from the Social Insurance Administration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of this reimbursement regulation on the clinical outcome.

Primary non-adherence to prescribed medication in general practice: lack of influence of moderate increases in patient copayment.

Background: Primary non-adherence refers to the patient not redeeming a prescribed medication at some point during drug therapy. Research has mainly focused on secondary non-adherence. Prior to this study, the overall rate of primary non-adherence in general practice in Iceland was not known.

A population-based study of stimulant drug treatment of ADHD and academic progress in children.

Objective: We evaluated the hypothesis that later start of stimulant treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder adversely affects academic progress in mathematics and language arts among 9- to 12-year-old children.

Methods: We linked nationwide data from the Icelandic Medicines Registry and the Database of National Scholastic Examinations. The study population comprised 11,872 children born in 1994-1996 who took standardized tests in both fourth and seventh grade.

Use of ADHD drugs in the Nordic countries: a population-based comparison study.

Objective: To compare national use of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drugs between five Nordic countries.

Method: A population-based drug utilisation study based on nationwide prescription databases, covering in total 24 919 145 individuals in 2007. ADHD drugs defined according to the World Health Organization Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical classification system as centrally acting sympathomimetics (N06BA).

Rofecoxib, but not celecoxib, increases the risk of thromboembolic cardiovascular events in young adults-a nationwide registry-based study.

Purpose: To examine the risk of thromboembolic cardiovascular events in users of coxibs and NSAIDs in a nationwide cohort.

Methods: Data were synchronised from three nationwide databases, the Icelandic Medicines Registry (IMR), The Icelandic National Patient Registry (INPR) and the Registry for Causes of Death at Statistics Iceland (RCD), for prescriptions for NSAIDs or coxibs with respect to hospitalisation for unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction over a 3-year period. The Cox proportional hazards model and Poisson regression were used to analyse the data.

Psychotropic drug use among Icelandic children: a nationwide population-based study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate psychotropic drug use among children in Iceland between 2003 and 2007.

Methods: A nationwide population-based drug use study covering the total pediatric population (ages 0-17) in Iceland. Information was obtained from the National Medicines Registry to calculate prevalence of use by year and psychotropic drug group; incidence by year, psychotropic drug group, child's age and sex, and medical specialty of prescriber; the most commonly used psychotropic chemical substances, off-label and unlicensed use and concomitant psychotropic drug use.

[Prevalence of psychotropic drug use among elderly Icelanders living at home].

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of psychotropic drug use among home-dwelling elderly Icelanders in the year 2006.

Materials And Methods: A population-based drug utilization study using the Icelandic Medicines Registry. The study group consisted of Icelanders, seventy years and older living at home (8% of total population).

[Use of methylphenidate among children in Iceland 1989-2006].

Study Objective: To determine the prevalence of methylphenidate use among children in Iceland and show utilization trends from 1989 to 2006. Patterns of use were analyzed by sex, age and region of habitation, short-acting vs. long-acting formulations and presciber's specialty.

[Gender and age differences in waiting time on hospital waiting list.].

Objective: The size of waiting lists has traditionally been viewed as a fairly good measure of the quality of health care services. No statistical analysis exists in Iceland of the length of waiting times and the potential variation between groups of patients. This study was conducted within the office of the Directorate of Health in Iceland.

The effective size of the Icelandic population and the prospects for LD mapping: inference from unphased microsatellite markers.

Characterizing the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the genome is a pre-requisite for association mapping studies. Patterns of LD also contain information about the past demography of populations. In this study, we focus on the Icelandic population where LD was investigated in 12 regions of approximately 15 cM using regularly spaced microsatellite loci displaying high heterozygosity.

Socioeconomic differences in children's use of physician services in the Nordic countries.

Objective: To assess the relation between socioeconomic factors and the use of physician services among children and whether variations of the level of co-payment are correlated with different levels of inequalities in health services use.

Design: Description of the socioeconomic differences in the use of health care using data from countrywide postal surveys to parents.

Setting: The five Nordic countries in 1996.

Socioeconomic differences in health and well-being of children and adolescents in Iceland.

Study Objective: To assess differences in health, healthcare use and well-being of children according to their socioeconomic situation.

Design: Part of a larger cross-sectional survey on health and well-being of children and their parents in the Nordic countries.

Setting: Iceland.

[Clinical chemistry and bacteriological testing in Iceland 1990.].

In this article we present the number and composition of clinical laboratory testing, both haematological, biochemical and bacteriological, performed at hospitals, primary care centers and private clinics in Iceland, in the year 1990. Inquiries were sent to 85 institutions, 52 (61%) responded. The number of assays performed at the laboratories/institutions not responding was estimated.