Nutrition Challenges and Opportunities When Shifting to Plant-Based Diets.

There has been a significant increase in the number of people shifting towards plant-based dietary patterns over the past decade due to interest in protecting the health of the planet as well as improving human health. Studies have shown that vegetarian diets are associated with a lower prevalence of obesity in adults and children; therefore, moving towards a vegetarian diet in childhood may help prevent obesity later in life. The VeChi study in Germany found that on average vegetarian and vegan children grew equally well as omnivorous children.

COVID-19 related change in breast cancer diagnosis, stage, treatment, and case volume: 2019-2021.

Purpose: Evaluate the COVID-19 pandemic impact on breast cancer detection method, stage and treatment before, during and after health care restrictions.

Methods: In a retrospective tertiary cancer care center cohort, first primary breast cancer (BC) patients, years 2019-2021, were reviewed (n = 1787). Chi-square statistical comparisons of detection method (patient (PtD)/mammography (MamD), Stage (0-IV) and treatment by pre-pandemic time 1: 2019 + Q1 2020; peak-pandemic time 2: Q2-Q4 2020; pandemic time 3: Q1-Q4 2021 (Q = quarter) periods and logistic regression for odds ratios were used.

Development of national consensus statements on food labelling interpretation and protein allocation in a low phenylalanine diet for PKU.

Background: In the treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU), there was disparity between UK dietitians regarding interpretation of how different foods should be allocated in a low phenylalanine diet (allowed without measurement, not allowed, or allowed as part of phenylalanine exchanges). This led to variable advice being given to patients.

Methodology: In 2015, British Inherited Metabolic Disease Group (BIMDG) dietitians (n = 70) were sent a multiple-choice questionnaire on the interpretation of protein from food-labels and the allocation of different foods.

Positron Emission Mammography Image Interpretation for Reduced Image Count Levels.

Unlabelled: We studied the effects of reduced (18)F-FDG injection activity on interpretation of positron emission mammography (PEM) images and compared image interpretation between 2 postinjection imaging times.

Methods: We performed a receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) study using PEM images reconstructed with different count levels expected from injected activities between 23 and 185 MBq. Thirty patients received 2 PEM scans at postinjection times of 60 and 120 min.

Dietary practices in pyridoxine non-responsive homocystinuria: a European survey.

Background: Within Europe, the management of pyridoxine (B6) non-responsive homocystinuria (HCU) may vary but there is limited knowledge about treatment practice.

Aim: A comparison of dietetic management practices of patients with B6 non-responsive HCU in European centres.

Methods: A cross-sectional audit by questionnaire was completed by 29 inherited metabolic disorder (IMD) centres: (14 UK, 5 Germany, 3 Netherlands, 2 Switzerland, 2 Portugal, 1 France, 1 Norway, 1 Belgium).

Patients undergoing blood tests before minor/moderate trauma surgery: a retrospective review.

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the number of unnecessary preoperative blood tests undertaken on ASA Grade 1 patients undergoing minor/moderate orthopaedic trauma surgery.

Design: Review of all ASA1 patients who had been operated on the trauma lists for three consecutive months.

Setting: UK Teaching Hospital.

Ipsilateral tibial shaft fracture and distal tibial triplane fracture with an intact fibula: a case report.

We present a case of an ipsilateral tibial shaft fracture and a distal tibial triplane fracture with an intact fibula in a 14-year-old boy. Computed tomography revealed the distal tibial triplane fracture with a 2.6-mm displaced Tillaux fragment and a posterior malleolar shear fragment.

Herpes zoster virus: an unusual but potentially treatable cause of sciatica and foot drop.

The herpes zoster virus is a rare but potential cause of acute motor weakness. This article describes 2 patients with drop foot secondary to an infection of varicella zoster who were incorrectly referred to an orthopedic clinic from their general practitioners. The first patient was a 74-year-old man who presented with weakness in the right foot and a vesicular rash.

A facile approach for quantifying the density of defects (edge plane sites) of carbon nanomaterials and related structures.

A facile methodology based on cyclic voltammetry is presented allowing the density of defects, viz edge plane like-sites/defects of carbon nanomaterials to be readily quantified. The approach is based on the construction of carbon nanomaterial paste electrodes which is measured using cyclic voltammetry and a standard electrochemical redox probe. This protocol allows a quantitative relationship between the heterogeneous electron-transfer rate and the density of defects to be readily determined and also provides researchers with a methodology to quantify the density of defects for comparative purposes.

Graphite screen printed electrodes for the electrochemical sensing of chromium(VI).

We demonstrate that graphite screen printed macroelectrodes allow the low ppb sensing of chromium(VI) in aqueous solutions over the range 100 to 1000 microg L(-1) with a limit of detection of 19 microg L(-1). The underlying electrochemical mechanism is explored indicating an indirect process involving surface oxygenated species. The drawbacks of using hydrochloric acid as a model solution to evaluate the electrochemical detection of chromium(VI) are also pointed out.

Radioscapholunate arthrodesis - a prospective study.

The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate pain levels, range of motion, patient activity and satisfaction after radioscapholunate (RSL) arthrodesis. This was in association with distal scaphoid excision and complete resection of the triquetrum. The non-union rate for radioscapholunate arthrodesis was examined and the results compared with previous studies.

Effect of listening to Nellie the Elephant during CPR training on performance of chest compressions by lay people: randomised crossover trial.

Objectives: To determine whether listening to music during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training increases the proportion of lay people delivering chest compressions of 100 per minute.

Design: Prospective randomised crossover trial.

Setting: Large UK university.

Telephone clinic follow-up following carpal tunnel decompression.

This paper investigates the feasibility of a telephone clinic follow-up service for patients undergoing carpal tunnel decompression. Six hundred and thirty patients were recruited over a 2-year period and we assessed their outcome and satisfaction level in the service, using a pre-determined questionnaire 6 weeks following surgery. The telephone clinic was overseen by a surgical care practitioner.

Review of specialist dietitian services in patients with inherited metabolic disease in the United Kingdom.

Introduction: Dietary management forms the mainstay of treatment for many inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) and specialist dietitians play a crucial role in the multi-disciplinary core team for these patients. Professional concerns have been expressed that the current clinical workforce is inadequate for meeting current and future service demands. The aim of this work was to describe the provision of specialist dietetics to patients with IMD as part of a national needs assessment and review.

Neuropsychometric outcome predictors for adults with maple syrup urine disease.

We describe 14 adult MSUD patients (3 with intermediate MSUD) with varied clinical and neuropsychometric outcomes. Age at diagnosis appears to be a predictor of IQ even in adults, while long-term blood leucine does not correlate with IQ.

Successful early mobilization of major cuff repair using a suture post.

Repair of massive rotator cuff tears in the elderly can be challenging because of degenerative, retracted, and contracted tendons producing an extensive defect. The quality of the tendon and particularly the bone of the proximal humerus is an inherent weakness in the repaired construct. We report a method that secures the rotator cuff to a fixation post placed in cortical bone at the surgical neck of the humerus, bypassing the weakest point.

A new protein substitute for adolescents and adults with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).

Aim: The aim was to study the efficacy and acceptability of MSUD Express in adolescent and adult patients with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).

Background: There are difficulties associated with current protein substitutes designed for adolescents and adults with MSUD. This can affect their metabolic control.

Repair of chronic distal biceps tendon ruptures using autologous hamstring graft and the Endobutton.

The purpose of this study was to report the results of anatomic repair for chronic distal biceps tendon ruptures by use of a semitendinosus autograft with the Endobutton. All 9 patients were satisfied with their outcome (mean, 8.0 on a visual analog scale ranging from 1-10) and were able to return to their jobs.

If you look at it long enough..

"If you look at it long enough...

Pain in the well-fixed, aseptic titanium hip replacement. The role of corrosion.

We have investigated nine patients with cemented Furlong (JRI, London, UK) titanium hip replacements who presented with early pain despite a well-fixed, aseptic prosthesis. All were followed up clinically and radiologically at regular intervals. Pain was located in the thigh and was worse at night.

Analysis of the referral pattern to a supraregional bone and soft tissue tumour service.

Aim: To investigate the sources of delay in diagnosis and determine if there was a similar diagnostic error rate as found by the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society, which subsequently altered patients' management and affected outcome.

Patients And Methods: A prospective review of 100 consecutive patients referred to our institution analysed causes for delay in referral and whether prior investigations or procedures had complicated further management.

Results: Patients were symptomatic for 14.

A biomechanical study of four different meniscal repair systems, comparing pull-out strengths and gapping under cyclic loading.

Most studies comparing the biomechanical properties of different meniscal repair systems have simply investigated load to failure. Meniscal tissue is highly anisotropic, and far weaker under tension in the radial direction. Radially oriented loading to failure may not therefore be the most physiologically relevant in vitro test for repair of circumferential tears, and determining gapping across repair sites under cyclical loading at lower loads may be of greater importance.

An alternative to fixation of displaced fractures of the anterior intercondylar eminence in children.

Fractures of the anterior intercondylar eminence in children are relatively uncommon. There is considerable debate as to the best treatment of displaced fractures, but most methods described in the literature involve an open procedure combined with some form of fixation. Using human anatomical dissections, we have shown that the transverse meniscal ligament can become incarcerated within the fracture and act as a block to reduction.

Malignant transformation in synovial chondromatosis of the knee?

Although it has been reported, malignant transformation of synovial chondromatosis is rare. We report a case of malignant transformation of synovial chondromatosis in a knee to a low-grade chondrosarcoma, which was treated with synovial excision and total knee replacement. We also present a literature review of the subject.