Quantitative Physiologic MRI Combined with Feature Engineering for Developing Machine Learning-Based Prediction Models to Distinguish Glioblastomas from Single Brain Metastases.

: The accurate and early distinction of glioblastomas (GBMs) from single brain metastases (BMs) provides a window of opportunity for reframing treatment strategies enabling optimal and timely therapeutic interventions. We sought to leverage physiologically sensitive parameters derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) along with machine learning-based methods to distinguish GBMs from single BMs. : Patients with histopathology-confirmed GBMs ( = 62) and BMs ( = 26) and exhibiting contrast-enhancing regions (CERs) underwent 3T anatomical imaging, DTI and DSC-PWI prior to treatment.

Unequal Effects of the Lockdown on Mental Health in Shanghai: The Moderating and Mediating Role of Neighborhood Environment and Online Social Connections.

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted population mental health worldwide. Few studies examined how the neighborhood environment and online social connections might influence the social gradient in mental health during the pandemic lockdown. We aim to examine the moderating and mediating role of neighborhood environment and online social connections in the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health outcomes.

Integration of pharmacogenetic data in epic genomic module drives clinical decision support alerts.

Introduction: The Precision Medicine Program (PMP) at the University of Florida (UF) focuses on advancing pharmacogenomics (PGx) to improve patient care.

Methods: The UF PMP, in collaboration with the UF Health Pathology Laboratory (UFHPL), utilized Health Level Seven (HL7) standards to integrate PGx data into Epic's Genomic Module to enhance the management and utilization of PGx data in clinical practice.

Results: A key feature of the Genomic Module is the introduction of genomic indicators-innovative tools that flag actionable genetic information directly within the electronic health record (EHR).

Real-world evidence for passive video-based cardiac monitoring from smartphones used by patients with a history of AF.

Passive cardiac monitoring has become synonymous with wearable technologies, necessitating patients to incorporate new devices into their daily routines. While this requirement may not be a burden for many, it is a constraint for individuals with chronic diseases who already have their daily routine. In this study, we introduce an innovative technology that harnesses the front-facing camera of smartphones to capture pulsatile signals discreetly when users engage in other activities on their device.

Meeting summary: Global vaccine and immunization research forum, 2023.

At the 2023 Global Vaccine and Immunization Research Forum (GVIRF), researchers from around the world gathered in the Republic of Korea to discuss advances and opportunities in vaccines and immunization. Many stakeholders are applying the lessons of Covid-19 to future emergencies, by advancing early-stage development of prototype vaccines to accelerate response to the next emerging infectious disease, and by building regional vaccine research, development, and manufacturing capacity to speed equitable access to vaccines in the next emergency. Recent vaccine licensures include: respiratory syncytial virus vaccines, both for the elderly and to protect infants through maternal immunization; a new dengue virus vaccine; and licensure of Covid-19 vaccines previously marketed under emergency use authorizations.

Rehabilitation - definition for research purposes.

Introduction And Objective: The Rehabilitation Definition for Research Purposes (RDRP), published in 2022 by Cochrane Rehabilitation, addresses discrepancies resulting from the multiplicity and heterogeneity of rehabilitation definitions hitherto used in the contexts of science, health, and social/legal aspects. The RDRP, based on the paradigm of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, provides clear-cut criteria for what rehabilitation includes and excludes. The final version of the RDRP achieved brad agreement among global stakeholders.

Pentosan Polysulfate Maculopathy: Final Outcomes from a 4-Year Prospective Study of Disease Progression after Drug Cessation.

Purpose: To report the long-term disease course of pentosan polysulfate (PPS) maculopathy following drug cessation.

Design: Single-institution, prospective case series.

Methods: 23 eyes of 12 participants seen at the Emory Eye Center with a diagnosis of PPS maculopathy were included in our study.

Automated quantification of Enchytraeus crypticus juveniles in different soil types using RootPainter.

The manual counting of juveniles in enchytraeid soil toxicity tests is time-consuming, labour-intensive, repetitive, prone to subjectivity, but can potentially be automated through deep learning methods using convolutional neural networks. This study investigated if RootPainter can be used as a tool to automatically quantify Enchytraeus crypticus juveniles in toxicity tests using different soil types. Toxicity tests were performed following OECD guideline 220 using five different pesticides (two fungicides and three insecticides) and four different soil types (three OECD artificial soils and one natural LUFA 2.

Bilirubin reductase shows host-specific associations in animal large intestines.

Animal gastrointestinal tracts contain diverse metabolites, including various host-derived compounds that gut-associated microbes interact with. Here, we explore the diversity and evolution of bilirubin reductase, a bacterial enzyme that metabolizes the host-derived tetrapyrrole bilirubin, performing a key role in the animal heme degradation pathway. Through an analysis of the bilirubin reductase phylogeny and predicted structures, we found that the enzyme family can be divided into three distinct clades with different structural features.

Changes in interlimb coordination induced by within-stride changes in treadmill speed.

During walking, interlimb coordination involves the right and left legs working together to achieve a desired movement. Previously, dynamic treadmill walking has been shown to drive asymmetric gait changes in healthy young adults through selectively changing the speed of the whole treadmill. Currently, the coordination demands of this novel walking environment are unknown and must be understood prior to assessing dynamic treadmill walking in clinical populations.

Digital mental health: a potential opportunity to improve health equity in China.

Mental health is an important public health issue in China, compounded by a shortage in psychiatric services. Against this backdrop, digital technologies could offer solutions. Digital mental health interventions use technologies, such as smartphone applications, to improve mental health outcomes.

RuvBL1/2 reduce toxic dipeptide repeat protein burden in multiple models of C9orf72-ALS/FTD.

A G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (C9ALS/FTD). Bidirectional transcription and subsequent repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation of sense and antisense transcripts leads to the formation of five dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins. These DPRs are toxic in a wide range of cell and animal models.

Hippocampal atrophy over two years in relation to tau, amyloid-β and memory in older adults.

In this longitudinal brain imaging study, we aimed to characterize hippocampal tau accumulation and subfield atrophy relative to cortical amyloid-β and memory performance. We measured tau-PET in regions associated with Braak stages I to VI, global amyloid-PET burden, hippocampal subfield volumes and memory assessments from 173 participants aged 55-85. Eighty-six of these participants were tested again two years later.

Migration and mental health care in South Africa: the question of language in context.

Access to mental healthcare for migrants is a global problem, with many challenges and barriers, including the issue of language discordance. Most research on this topic comes from well-resourced countries such as those in Europe, Northern America, and Australasia despite the fact that most migration occurs from poorer contexts, such as many in Africa, into more closely situated countries. As an introductory part of a broader international study, we started out investigating the views of key stakeholders in South Africa on language barriers to accessing mental healthcare for migrants and suggestions for how to address these.

Intention to Seek Mental Health Services During the 2022 Shanghai COVID-19 City-Wide Lockdown: Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The implementation of COVID-19 lockdown measures had immediate and delayed psychological effects. From March 27, 2022, to June 1, 2022, the Shanghai government enforced a city-wide lockdown that affected 25 million residents. During this period, mental health services were predominantly provided through digital platforms.

Efficiency of phacoemulsification handpieces with high and low intraocular pressure settings.

Purpose: To compare the efficiencies of the Active Sentry handpiece at low IOP (20 mmHg) to the Ozil handpiece at high IOP (50 mmHg).

Setting: Private practice (Medford, OR, USA).

Design: Single site, prospective, double-arm, randomized, contralateral eye study.

Assessment of measurement variability across automated biometry devices.

Purpose: To evaluate measurement variability between different readily available automated biometric devices for the purposes of improving surgeon decision making for phakic intraocular lens (IOL) sizing.

Setting: Private practice (Houston, TX, USA).

Design: Prospective, single center, bilateral, non-randomized, open-label, observational study.

Bilirubin bioconversion to urobilin in the gut-liver-kidney axis: A biomarker for insulin resistance in the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome.

The rising rates of obesity worldwide have increased the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), making it the number one cause of death. Higher plasma bilirubin levels have been shown to prevent metabolic dysfunction and CVD. However, reducing levels leads to deleterious outcomes, possibly due to reduced bilirubin half-life that escalates the production of its catabolized product, urobilinogen, produced by gut bacteria and naturally oxidized to urobilin.

Gut Microbial Utilization of the Alternative Sweetener, D-Allulose, via AlsE.

D-allulose, a rare sugar with emerging potential as a low-calorie sweetener, has garnered attention as an alternative to other commercially available alternative sweeteners, such as sugar alcohols, which often cause severe gastrointestinal discomfort. D-allulose-6-phosphate 3-epimerase (AlsE) is a prokaryotic enzyme that converts D-allulose-6-phosphate into D-fructose-6-phopshate, enabling its use as a carbon source. However, the taxonomic breadth of AlsE across gut bacteria remains poorly understood, hindering insights into the utilization of D-allulose by microbial communities.