Retrospective analysis of children diagnosed with Kawasaki disease.

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the long-term impacts of Kawasaki disease on our patients regarding coronary involvement demographic characteristics, treatment regimens, and clinical course.

Methods: Our study included 104 patients diagnosed and hospitalized with Kawasaki disease in our center, from January 2004 to January 2019. In our study, patients were divided into three groups according to coronary artery involvement.

Does the severity of diabetic ketoacidosis in children with type 1 diabetes change during the COVID-19 pandemic? A single-center experience from a pediatric intensive care unit.

Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health-care services for diseases other than COVID-19 were interrupted, and patient referrals to health institutions were postponed due to their fear of being infected with COVID-19. Under this situation, we conducted this study to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings of COVID-19 in patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) hospitalized in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during the pandemic period, and the impact of the pandemic on these findings.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 55 children aged from 1 month to 18 years old, diagnosed with DKA, and followed up at Istanbul Sehit Prof.

Efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C cases: A single-center experience.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the need and the indication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) followed up in the pediatric intensive care unit by the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data and treatment response.

Methods: A total of 79 patients (43 males, 36 females; median age: 138 months; range, 6 to 210 months) with COVID-19 and MIS-C followed up between September 2020 - September 2021 were included in this retrospective study. Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected from patient files, and clinical data, laboratory findings, chest X-rays, and echocardiography results of six patients (1 male and 5 female, median age: 159 months, range, 13 to 210 months) who needed ECMO due to poor response to medical treatment were recorded before and after the ECMO therapy.

Successful treatment with therapeutic plasmapheresis of a pediatric patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with neurobrucellosis.

Brucellosis is a multisystemic disease that can present with multiple signs and symptoms. Rarely, brucellosis can manifest as neurobrucellosis, with central or peripheral nervous system involvement. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a post-infectious autoimmune disease that progresses rapidly, causing ascending muscle weakness, and is accompanied by areflexia/hyporeflexia.

Can charcoal hemoperfusion treatment be an option for pediatric MIS-C patients? A single-center experience in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit.

Introduction: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a hyper-inflammatory disorder that develops following SARS-CoV-2 infection and has clinical signs that overlap with Kawasaki disease. Immunomodulatory treatments can be used in these patients. One of the alternative treatments reported in the literature is hemoperfusion therapy.

Can plasma exchange therapy be an option for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Related Splenial Lesion Syndrome: Two cases from the pediatric intensive care unit.

Background: Reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) is characterized by a temporary lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum. RESLES is one of the most common causes of Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy reversible splenial lesion (MERS) and a rare clinical syndrome for the pediatric population. In a limited number of pediatric case reports, association with SARS-COV-2 in was reported.

Treatment of maple syrup urine disease with high flow hemodialysis in a neonate.

Aygün F, Kıykım E, Aktuğlu-Zeybek Ç, Zubarioğlu T, Cam H. Treatment of maple syrup urine disease with high flow hemodialysis in a neonate. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 107-110.

Evaluation of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy and Therapeutic Plasma Exchange, in Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock in Critically Ill Children.

Severe sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening organ dysfunctions and causes of death in critically ill patients. The therapeutic goal of the management of sepsis is restoring balance to the immune system and fluid balance. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is recommended in septic patients, and it may improve outcomes in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.

Infections with Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria are a Serious Problem Among Critically Ill Children: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study.

Children in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are vulnerable to infections because invasive devices are frequently used during their admission. We aimed to determine the prevalence, associated factors, and prognosis of infections in our PICU. This retrospective study evaluated culture results from 477 paediatric patients who were treated in the PICU between January 2014 and March 2019.

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy with High Flow Rate Can Effectively, Safely, and Quickly Reduce Plasma Ammonia and Leucine Levels in Children.

: Peritoneal dialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are the most frequently used treatment modalities for acute kidney injury. CRRT is currently being used for the treatment of several non-renal indications, such as congenital metabolic diseases. CRRT can efficiently remove toxic metabolites and reverse the neurological symptoms quickly.

Can Nebulised Colistin Therapy Improve Outcomes in Critically Ill Children with Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Pneumonia?

In the past decade, multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria have become a major problem, especially for patients in intensive care units. Recently, colistin became the last resort therapy for MDR gram-negative bacteria infections. However, nebulised colistin use was limited to adult patients.

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase and Uric Acid Levels Can Be Associated with the Prognosis of Patients in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

: Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and uric acid (UA) are reported to be predictive markers in various disorders. It has been reported that these biomarkers can be used to indicate increased risk of mortality in critically ill patients. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the initial serum GGT and UA levels on the outcomes of patients in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to investigate if these biomarkers can be used to predict pediatric mortality.

The impact of continuous renal replacement therapy for metabolic disorders in infants.

Background: While Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is a well established treatment modality for patients with acute kidney insufficiency (AKI), it is now also being used for the management of various illnesses such as acute metabolic disorders presenting with hyperammonemia and elevated leucine levels. Herein, we aimed to describe our experience with CRRT in treatment of acute decompensation of 14 patients with a diagnosis of metabolic disorder who has been admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in the last year.

Methods: Patients who have had life threatening acute metabolic crisis due to various metabolic disorders and were treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) were evaluated retrospectively.

Lung abscess from Staphylococcus aureus after varicella infection in a 3-month-old infant.

Varicella is a common, highly contagious viral infection of childhood. Varicella is a usually benign and self-limited disease, but it can be complicated by severe bacterial infections, especially in immunocompromised hosts. In this study, we describe a previously healthy 3-months-old infant who was admitted with high fever, cough, and respiratory distress, who had a history of varicella infection three weeks before, with exposure from her adolescent, unvaccinated sister.

Successful Treatment of Bacillus cereus Bacteremia in a Patient with Propionic Acidemia.

Bacillus cereus can cause serious, life-threatening, systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. The ability of microorganism to form biofilm on biomedical devices can be responsible for catheter-related bloodstream infections. Other manifestations of severe disease are meningitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and surgical and traumatic wound infections.

Cardiovascular side effects related with use of synthetic cannabinoids "bonzai" : two case reports.

Information about the effects of synthetic cannabinoids "bonzai" on the cardiovascular system is limited. In this article, two patients in whom different cardiological side effects were observed following use of synthetic cannabinoids 'bonzai' were presented. Our first patient who was a 16-year old boy presented to pediatric emergency department with severe chest pain which had started one hour before.

Spontaneous splenic rupture in a patient with congenital afibrinogenemia.

Afibrinogenemia is a rare bleeding disorder which is observed with an incidence of 1:1 000 000. It is an autosomal recessive disease and occurs as a result of mutation in one of the three genes which code the three polypeptide chains of fibrinogen. Basic clinical findings include spontaneous bleeding, bleeding after minor trauma or due to surgery.

Effect of prothrombotic mutations on factor consumption in children with hemophilia.

Introduction: In hemophilia A, factor activity usually correlates with clinical severity; however, there are patients with severe hemophilia who have bleeding less than expected.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of prothrombotic mutations on annual factor consumption in children with hemophilia.

Methods: Factor V Leiden (FVL) G1691A, Prothrombin (PT) G20210A and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A128C mutations were evaluated in children with moderate-severe hemophilia A (n = 51) and controls (n = 25).

Nicolau syndrome after intramuscular benzathine penicillin treatment.

Nicolau syndrome (livedoid dermatitis) is a very rare complication of intramuscular injections and manifests as excruciating pain immediately after injection. We describe a 3-year-old boy with diagnosis of Nicolau syndrome after intramuscular benzathine penicillin injection to the midanterior part of the left thigh. He was treated with hyberbaric oxygen and pentoxyphilline in addition to supportive treatment and recovered with no sequelae.