Accessory Hand Muscles Over the Transverse Carpal Ligament: An Obstacle in Carpal Tunnel Surgery.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is an entrapment neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve throughout the carpal tunnel. It is the most common entrapment neuropathy, with an estimated prevalence of 4%-7%. Surgical management is more effective in moderate to severe and severe CTS.

Asystole due to trigemino-cardiac reflex: a rare complication of trans-sphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma.

The trigemino-cardiac reflex (TCR) is a well-known reflexive response in which bradycardia, hypotension, and gastric hypermotility are induced by stimulation of a peripheral or central portion of the trigeminal nerve. This reflex occurs during craniofacial surgery and other operations on or near the cerebellopontine angle, petrosal sinus, orbit and trigeminal ganglion. TCR is a well-known, although not well documented, phenomenon commonly observed during trans-sphenoidal surgery for resection of pituitary adenomas.