Evaluation of Titanium Particles, TNF-α, and Caspase-3 Concentrations in Patients with Bones Fixations of the Maxilla and Mandibule.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of titanium implants (Ti6Al4V) on the surrounding tissues by analyzing the concentration of titanium particles, TNF-α, and caspase-3 in patients treated for jaw fractures and dentofacial deformities. The research material consisted of peri-implant tissues: fragments of periosteum adhering to a titanium miniplate and blood serum collected from 42 patients treated for mandibular fractures (Group I), and dentofacial deformities (Group II) who underwent bimaxillary osteotomy. The control group consisted of 24 generally healthy patients before bimaxillary osteotomy.

Cell membrane sialome machinery and regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases in gliomas: The functional relevance and therapeutic perspectives.

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors characterized by high aggressive potential, poor therapeutic response, and significantly reduced overall patient survival. Despite significant progress in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer, gliomas remain a clinical challenge due to the high molecular and cellular heterogeneity, which provides for multiple mechanisms of chemoresistance and adaptive plasticity. A better understanding of cellular regulatory mechanisms of intracellular signal transduction enables the development of targeted drug therapies and clinical application.

NHC-Au-xanthate complexes.

We report the synthesis, isolation, and comprehensive characterization of N-heterocyclic carbene gold xanthate (NHC-Au-X, X - xanthate) complexes. These easily accessible complexes demonstrate significant versatility as photocatalysts, facilitating [2+2]-cycloadditions, and as π-catalysts in the intramolecular hydroxylation of allenes and hydrohydrazination of alkynes.

Metabolic Rate and Oxidative Stress as a Risk Factors in the Development of Colorectal Cancer.

There is growing evidence that the body's energy expenditures constitute a significant risk factor for the development of most deadly diseases, including cancer. Our aim was to investigate the impact of basal metabolic rate (BMR) on the growth and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). To do so, we used a unique model consisting of three lines of laboratory mice () artificially selected for high (HBMR) and low (LBMR) basal metabolic rate and randomly bred individuals (non-selected, NSBMR).

Utilization of the Drug-Polymer Solid Dispersion Obtained by Ball Milling as a Taste Masking Method in the Development of Orodispersible Minitablets with Hydrocortisone in Pediatric Doses.

The objective of the conducted research was to design 2 mm orodispersible minitablets of pediatric doses of hydrocortisone (0.5 mg; 1.0 mg) with desirable pharmaceutical properties and eliminate the sensation of a bitter taste using preparation of solid dispersion by ball mill.

Magnetic particles with polymeric shells bearing lithocholic and folic acid moieties: Nano-warriors to fight colon cancer.

In the study, we aimed to investigate the activity of nanoformulations containing 5-fluorouracil and polymer-magnetic hybrids bearing membrane-penetrating and ligand-receptor-recognizing agents against colorectal cancer cells. The formation and characterization of iron oxide particles covered with polymeric shells comprising lithocholic acid and folic acid moieties are presented. The efficiency of nanoformulations combined by the simple mixing of low doses of 5-fluorouracil with the obtained hybrids was demonstrated against DLD-1 and HT-29 colon cancer cells.

Tumor-Homing Peptides as Crucial Component of Magnetic-Based Delivery Systems: Recent Developments and Pharmacoeconomical Perspective.

According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is considered to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and new therapeutic approaches, especially improved novel cancer treatment regimens, are in high demand. Considering that many chemotherapeutic drugs tend to have poor pharmacokinetic profiles, including rapid clearance and limited on-site accumulation, a combined approach with tumor-homing peptide (THP)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles could lead to remarkable improvements. This is confirmed by an increasing number of papers in this field, showing that the on-target peptide functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles improves their penetration properties and ensures tumor-specific binding, which results in an increased clinical response.

Statins-From Fungi to Pharmacy.

Statins have been used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, both as monotherapy and in combination therapy. Natural fermentation processes of fungi such as spp., spp.

Cell Membrane Sialome: Sialic Acids as Therapeutic Targets and Regulators of Drug Resistance in Human Cancer Management.

A cellular sialome is a physiologically active and dynamically changing component of the cell membrane. Sialylation plays a crucial role in tumor progression, and alterations in cellular sialylation patterns have been described as modulators of chemotherapy effectiveness. However, the precise mechanisms through which altered sialylation contributes to drug resistance in cancer are not yet fully understood.

Membrane-Active Thermoresponsive Block Copolymers Containing a Diacylglycerol-Based Segment: RAFT Synthesis, Doxorubicin Encapsulation, and Evaluation of Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cells.

Herein, we report the formation of drug delivery systems from original thermoresponsive block copolymers containing lipid-based segments. Two acrylate monomers derived from palmitic- or oleic-acid-based diacylglycerols (DAGs) were synthesized and polymerized by the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) method. Well-defined DAG-based polymers with targeted molar masses and narrow molar mass distributions were next used as macro-chain transfer agents (macro-CTAs) for the polymerization of -isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) or -vinylcaprolactam (NVCL).

Tamoxifen Modulates the Immune Landscape of the Tumour Microenvironment: The Paired Siglec-5/14 Checkpoint in Anti-Tumour Immunity in an In Vitro Model of Breast Cancer.

Since the role of sialome-Siglec axis has been described as a regulatory checkpoint of immune homeostasis, the promotion of stimulatory or inhibitory Siglec-related mechanisms is crucial in cancer progression and therapy. Here, we investigated the effect of tamoxifen on the sialic acid-Siglec interplay and its significance in immune conversion in breast cancer. To mimic the tumour microenvironment, we used oestrogen-dependent or oestrogen-independent breast cancer cells/THP-1 monocytes transwell co-cultures exposed to tamoxifen and/or β-estradiol.

Beneficial Proapoptotic Effect of Heterobasidion Annosum Extract in Colorectal Cancer Xenograft Mouse Model.

Fungal extracts possess potential anticancer activity against many malignant neoplastic diseases. In this research, we focused on the evaluation of (HA) extract in colorectal cancer in an in vivo model. The mice with implanted DLD-1 human cancer cells were given HA extract, the referential drug-5-fluorouracil (5FU), or were treated with its combination.

Folic-Acid-Conjugated Thermoresponsive Polymeric Particles for Targeted Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil to CRC Cells.

Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and the third most frequently diagnosed form of cancer associated with high mortality rates. Recently, targeted drug delivery systems have been under increasing attention owing to advantages such as high therapeutic effectiveness with a significant depletion in adverse events. In this report, we describe the biocompatible and thermoresponsive FA-conjugated PHEA--PNIPAAm copolymers as nanocarriers for the delivery of 5-FU.

Metal-promoted synthesis of steroidal ethynyl selenides having anticancer activity.

In this study, we have described simple and efficient methodology for the metal-promoted (CuI) preparation of steroidal ethynyl selenides. The compounds were characterized using H, C and Se NMR, FT IR spectroscopy, and MS analysis. A proposed mechanism of the metal-promoted reaction involves the formation of a σ-bound copper acetylide.

Establishment of In Vitro and In Vivo Anticolorectal Cancer Efficacy of Lithocholic Acid-Based Imidazolium Salts.

Imidazolium salts (IMSs) are the subject of many studies showing their anticancer activities. In this research, a series of novel imidazolium salts substituted with lithocholic acid (LCA) and alkyl chains of various lengths (-) were evaluated against colon cancer cells. A significant reduction in the viability and metabolic activity was obtained in vitro for DLD-1 and HT-29 cell lines when treated with tested salts.

SARS-CoV-2 Attacks in the Brain: Focus on the Sialome.

The epidemiological observations suggest that respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are accompanied by short- and long-term neurological manifestations. There is increasing evidence that the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to its capacity to interact with cell membrane sialome. Given the wide expression of sialylated compounds of cell membranes in the brain, the interplay between cell membrane sialoglycans and the virus is crucial for its attachment and cell entry, transport, neuronal damage and brain immunity.

Doxorubicin delivery systems with an acetylacetone-based block in cholesterol-terminated copolymers: Diverse activity against estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent breast cancer cells.

The study presents the synthesis of original cholesterol-terminated copolymers comprising acetylacetone-based (AcacI) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) units with a varied arrangement (block and random copolymers). The nanoprecipitation method was used to form empty and doxorubicin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) from these copolymers, which were further studied in terms of their physicochemical and biological properties. Unexpectedly, it was revealed that even empty PNPs are effective against breast cancer cells, specifically towards estrogen-dependent MCF-7 cell line.

Steroid-Functionalized Imidazolium Salts with an Extended Spectrum of Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity.

It is established that high rates of morbidity and mortality caused by fungal infections are related to the current limited number of antifungal drugs and the toxicity of these agents. Imidazolium salts as azole derivatives can be successfully used in the treatment of fungal infections in humans. Steroid-functionalized imidazolium salts were synthesized using a new, more efficient method.

Current Trends and Challenges in Pharmacoeconomic Aspects of Nanocarriers as Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment.

Nanotherapy is a part of nanomedicine that involves nanoparticles as carriers to deliver drugs to target locations. This novel targeting approach has been found to resolve various problems, especially those associated with cancer treatment. In nanotherapy, the carrier plays a crucial role in handling many of the existing challenges, including drug protection before early-stage degradations of active substances, allowing them to reach targeted cells and overcome cell resistance mechanisms.

Selenosteroids - promising hybrid compounds with pleiotropic biological activity: synthesis and biological aspects.

It is established that steroid based agents are an example of compounds obtained from natural patterns and are of great importance due to their application in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Selenosteroids are hybrids formed by attaching Se-moiety to a steroid molecule. In these types of hybrids, selenium can be present as selenide or as a part of selenosemicarbazones, isoselenocyanates, selenourea, etc.

Sialic Acid-Modified Nanoparticles-New Approaches in the Glioma Management-Perspective Review.

The cell surface is covered by a dense and complex network of glycans attached to the membrane proteins and lipids. In gliomas, the aberrant sialylation, as the final stage of glycosylation, is an important regulatory mechanism of malignant cell behavior and correlates with worse prognosis. Better understanding of the role of sialylation in cellular and molecular processes opens a new way in the development of therapeutic tools for human brain tumors.

Magnetic Particles with Polymeric Shells Bearing Cholesterol Moieties Sensitize Breast Cancer Cells to Low Doses of Doxorubicin.

One of the promising strategies for improvement of cancer treatment is application of a combination therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer activity of nanoformulations containing doxorubicin and iron oxide particles covered with polymeric shells bearing cholesterol moieties. It was postulated that due to high affinity to cell membranes, particles comprising poly(cholesteryl acrylate) can sensitize cancer cells to doxorubicin chemotherapy.

Botulinum toxin type-A preparations are not the same medications - clinical studies (Part 2).

The growing number of Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) preparations on the market has resulted in a search for pharmacological, clinical and pharmacoeconomic differences. Patients are occasionally switched from one botulinum toxin formulation to another. The aim of this paper was to review studies that have made direct comparisons of the three major BoNT/A preparations presently on the market: ona-, abo- and incobotulinumtoxinA.

Botulinum toxin type-A preparations are not the same medications - basic science (Part 1).

Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) formulations are widely used in clinical practice. Although they share a common mechanism of action resulting in presynaptic block in acetylocholine release, their structure and pharmacological properties demonstrate some similarities and many differences. Bioequivalence has been discussed since the onset of the clinical use of BoNT/A.