A multigenerational study can detect the evolutionary response to BaP exposure in the non-biting freshwater midge Chironomus riparius.

The release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into the environment is posing a threat to ecosystems and human health. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is considered a biomarker of PAH exposure and is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen. However, it was not known whether BaP is mutagenic, i.

Polyamide microplastic exposure elicits rapid, strong and genome-wide evolutionary response in the freshwater non-biting midge Chironomus riparius.

Susceptibility to hazardous materials and contamination is largely determined by genetic make-up and evolutionary history of affected organisms. Yet evolutionary adaptation and microevolutionary processes triggered by contaminants are rarely considered in ecotoxicology. Using an evolve and resequencing approach, we investigated genome-wide responses of the midge C.

Spontaneous rate of clonal single nucleotide mutations in Daphnia galeata.

Mutations are the ultimate source of heritable variation and therefore the fuel for evolution, but direct estimates of mutation rates exist only for few species. We estimated the spontaneous single nucleotide mutation rate among clonal generations in the waterflea Daphnia galeata with a short-term mutation accumulation approach. Individuals from eighteen mutation accumulation lines over five generations were deep sequenced to count de novo mutations that were not present in a pool of F1 individuals, representing the parental genotype.

Measuring mutagenicity in ecotoxicology: A case study of Cd exposure in Chironomus riparius.

Existing mutagenicity tests for metazoans lack the direct observation of enhanced germline mutation rates after exposure to anthropogenic substances, therefore being inefficient. Cadmium (Cd) is a metal described as a mutagen in mammalian cells and listed as a group 1 carcinogenic and mutagenic substance. But Cd mutagenesis mechanism is not yet clear.

A multigenerational approach can detect early Cd pollution in Chironomus riparius.

Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential highly toxic metal and its presence in the environment has been a concern over the years. On the present study we adopt the spiked water exposure scenario to study early Cd contamination across five generations of the model organism Chironomus riparius. Animals were, at the beginning of each generation, submitted to 0, 1, 3.

Time does matter! Acute copper exposure abolishes rhythmicity of clock gene in Danio rerio.

The circadian clock is a key cellular timing system that coordinates physiology and behavior. Light is a key regulator of the clock mechanism via its activation of Per and Cry clock gene expression. Evidence points to a key role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in resetting this process.

How and where to perform biomonitoring studies: different levels of toxic metal pollution are detected in the Alagados Reservoir in Southern Brazil.

The Alagados Reservoir located in the Brazilian city of Ponta Grossa is used to supply water for human consumption but is impacted by toxic metals. The current study combined chemical, biochemical, and multivariate analyses to determine the bioavailability of toxic metals at three sites (AL-A, AL-B, and AL-C) within the Alagados Reservoir. Metal bioaccumulation was analyzed in the liver, gills, and muscle tissue of a native fish species (Geophagus brasiliensis), and neurotoxicity, xenobiotic metabolism, and oxidative stress were evaluated using biochemical biomarkers.

Biomarkers of waterborne copper exposure in the Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus.

The main goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute exposure to copper (Cu) using a Neotropical freshwater fish as sentinel species through multi biomarkers analysis at different biological levels. Juveniles of Prochilodus lineatus were kept under control condition (no Cu addition in the water) or exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of waterborne Cu (5, 9 and 20μgL(-1)) for 96h. These concentrations were selected to bracket the current Brazilian water quality criteria for Cu in fresh water (9 and 13μgL(-1) dissolved copper).

Bioconcentration and bioaccumulation of metal in freshwater Neotropical fish Geophagus brasiliensis.

From the concentration in water and sediments, bioconcentration and bioaccumulation of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), silver (Ag), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), and arsenic (As) were determined in the gills, liver, and muscles of Geophagus brasiliensis in the Alagados Reservoir, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. Metals were quantified through AAS, and a study was carried out on the existing relations between metal and body weight, size, and genre of this species. The level of metal in the water of the reservoir was lower than the maximum set forth in the legislation, except for that of Cd and Fe.

Hematologic and hepatic responses of the freshwater fish Hoplias malabaricus after saxitoxin exposure.

The bioaccumulation of saxitoxins (STX) in the trophic chain, mainly in freshwater, are not completely known. This work aimed to elucidate the effects of STX on Hoplias malabaricus through trophic bioassay. The fish were fed once every five days with Astyanax sp.