Spontaneous pneumothorax in children: a radiological perspective.

Background: Spontaneous pneumothorax is a common clinical condition due to several etiologies. Appropriate radiologic assessment helps avoid re-imaging and guide individualized management.

Objective: To describe the etiologic factors of spontaneous pneumothorax in children from a radiological perspective.

Pulmonary involvement in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Background: Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (pLCH) is a rare disease, mostly a component of multisystemic LCH. We aimed to investigate the clinical features and treatment results in children with pLCH.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, radiological, and treatment data of 37 patients with pLCH, diagnosed from 1974 to 2022.

Zero-echo time MRI: an alternative method for the diagnosis of urinary stones in children.

Objectives: To evaluate the potential of zero-echo time-magnetic resonance imaging (ZTE-MRI) in the assessment of urolithiasis and compare ZTE-MRI with computed tomography (CT) in pediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: This was a single-center, prospective cross-sectional study conducted between April 2023 and December 2023. 23 patients (12 girls, 11 boys; mean age: 12.

Indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas in children: high association with inborn errors of immunity.

Indolent lymphomas are rare in children and mostly consist of pediatric type follicular (PTFL) and pediatric marginal zone lymphomas (PMZL) and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (ENMZL). Twenty children with indolent lymphoma (10 PTFL, 6 PMZL, 3 ENMZL, 1 mixed type) among 307 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) were retrospectively evaluated. The mean age of the entire group was 10.

Radiomics in differential diagnosis of Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma with adrenal location in children.

Objectives: Machine learning methods can be applied successfully to various medical imaging tasks. Our aim with this study was to build a robust classifier using radiomics and clinical data for preoperative diagnosis of Wilms tumor (WT) or neuroblastoma (NB) in pediatric abdominal CT.

Material And Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study approved by the Institutional Ethical Board.

Liver magnetic resonance elastography and fat fraction in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis versus healthy children.

Background: Liver involvement is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). While liver biopsy is the gold standard for demonstrating involvement, its invasiveness prompts a search for noninvasive alternatives.

Objective: To evaluate liver involvement in pediatric patients with CF (versus healthy controls) using magnetic resonance (MR) elastography/spectroscopy and to correlate the imaging findings with clinical/laboratory characteristics.

Imaging Features of Pediatric Sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous inflammatory disease of uncertain cause. It occurs most commonly in young and middle-aged adults and less frequently in children; therefore, few data on pediatric sarcoidosis exist in the literature. The diagnosis and management of sarcoidosis remain challenging because of diverse and often nonspecific clinical and imaging findings.

Focal fatty sparing areas of the pediatric steatotic liver: pseudolesions on hepatobiliary phase magnetic resonance images.

Purpose: Focal fatty sparing in liver can be detected as hyperintense pseudolesions on hepatobiliary phase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Distinguishing these pseudolesions from liver lesions may make diagnosis challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the imaging features of fatty sparing areas on liver MRI in pediatric patients who have been administered gadoxetate disodium.

Ganglioneuromas in Childhood: Hacettepe Experience With 70 Cases.

Background: Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are rare benign peripheral neuroblastic tumors (PNTs). We shared our institutional experience with childhood GNs.

Methods: Records of the children with PNTs between January 1995 and December 2021 were reviewed, and cases with histopathological diagnoses of GN were identified.

Cystic fibrosis related bone disease in children: Can it be predicted?

Background&aims: Cystic fibrosis (CF) -related bone disease (CFBD) is an important complication of CF, and low BMD in childhood is a precursor of CFBD. Here, we aimed to investigate bone turnover biomarkers, including osteocalcin (OC), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in relation to low BMD in children with CF (cwCF). We also evaluated factors which could affect bone turnover with particular emphasis on fat-free mass (FFM), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), hand grip strength (HGS), and functional capacity and physical activity.

Magnetic resonance elastography in evaluation of liver fibrosis in children with chronic liver disease.

Background: Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has been used to stage liver fibrosis in adults. We aimed to assess the agreement between the Ishak scoring system and magnetic resonance elastography-measured liver stiffness (MRE-LS) in children. This study included all the children who underwent abdominal MRE and liver biopsies between February 2018 and January 2021.

Acute Pancreatitis and Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis in Children: Imaging Findings and Outcomes.

Objective: The prevalence of acute pancreatitis and acute recurrent pancreatitis in children has increased over the years, and there are limited data about imaging findings. This study aimed to reveal the imaging findings of acute pancreatitis and acute recurrent pancreatitis in children at a tertiary care hospital.

Materials And Methods: The patients with acute pancreatitis and acute recurrent pancreatitis diagnosed between January 2007 and December 2018 were included.

Are the thickness and ADC values reliable to evaluate pancreas in children? A retrospective MRI study.

Purpose: To define the pancreatic thickness on the transverse plane and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values at multiple anatomical locations in the normal pancreas of children and to evaluate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability.

Methods: Two reviewers measured the thickness and ADC values of the pancreas at four locations obtained from two different 1,5 Tesla MRI scanners [MAGNETOM Symphony (Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany) and Signa HDxt(GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA)]. Measurements were made based on 190 retrospective MRI examinations.

Favourable outcomes of conservatively managed acute abdomen associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Backgrounds: Abdominal pain is one of the most common symptoms of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Abdominal pain can vary from mild to severe and may present as acute abdomen. Severe abdominal pain in patients with MIS-C should be differentiated from surgical causes of acute abdomen to prevent unnecessary surgery.

Recovery of cyanosis after esophageal intubation in a neonate with tracheal agenesis: a case report.

Background: Tracheal agenesis (TA) is a rare congenital defect that consists of a complete or partial absence of the trachea below the larynx, with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). It is a severe congenital defect with a very high mortality rate. The recommended surgical approach is esophageal ligation and gastrostomy.

Evaluation of the predictability of clinical and radiological findings in the diagnosis of malrotation.

Background: To evaluate the predictability of clinical and radiological findings in the diagnosis of malrotation.

Methods: Between 2010 and 2020, children with presumptive diagnosis of malrotation were included. The demographic features, clinical and radiological findings, operative findings and outcome were recorded.

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Gallbladder Polyps in Children.

Background: Gallbladder polyps are rare lesions protruding into the gallbladder lumen with variable clinical presentation. No standard treatment algorithm has been developed for pediatric gallbladders, and the malignant potential of the gallbladder is not clear in children. Therefore, a retrospective study was performed to evaluate the clinical features and treatment options of gallbladder polyps in children.

Early postoperative complications in pediatric abdominal solid tumor surgery according to Clavian-Dindo classification.

Purpose: Postoperative period after abdominal solid tumor surgery is critical regarding complications. This study aimed to detect incidence and treatment of complications.

Methods: Single center retrospective study including years 2010-2019 for early postoperative complications were documented and graded according to Clavian-Dindo classification.

Many faces of torsion in pediatric female pelvis.

Pediatric patients of various ages, from infancy through adolescence, can have ovarian torsion. Torsion may not only be confined to the ovaries but may also involve the isolated cyst, tube, and even the uterus. In this pictorial review, we review the spectrum of torsion in pediatric (from infants to adolescents) female pelvis, emphasizing imaging methods.

Imaging findings of gastrointestinal tract tumors in children and adolescents.

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract tumors are rarely seen in children and adolescents, and can easily be misdiagnosed. Lymphoma is the most frequent GI tract tumor, and the common locations are ileum and ileocecal area. GI tract tumors may present as large heterogeneous mass lesions.

Chest imaging for COVID-19: a single-center comparative results in pediatric patients.

Background: Chest computed tomography (CT) appears to be an important radiological modality for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in adults. Studies comparing the findings of such children with those of other viral infections have not been reported either. The aim of this study was to present comparative imaging findings of 75 pediatric COVID-19 patients and four patients with other viral upper respiratory tract infections.