Machine learning-based classification of varicocoele grading: A promising approach for diagnosis and treatment optimization.

Background: Varicocoele is a correctable cause of male infertility. Although physical examination is still being used in diagnosis and grading, it gives conflicting results when compared to ultrasonography-based varicocoele grading.

Objectives: We aimed to develop a multi-class machine learning model for the grading of varicocoeles based on ultrasonographic measurements.

A comparative analysis of techniques for measuring tumor contact length in predicting extraprostatic extension.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of curvilinear and linear measurement methods in different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for detecting extraprostatic extension (EPE) in prostate cancer, and to evaluate the added value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in detecting EPE.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 84 patients who underwent multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) prior to radical prostatectomy between January 2019 and February 2022. Tumor contact length (TCL) was assessed curvilinearly and linearly on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), ADC maps, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI by two radiologists.

Navigating the gray zone: Machine learning can differentiate malignancy in PI-RADS 3 lesions.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to predict the probability of prostate cancer in PI-RADS 3 lesions using machine learning methods that incorporate clinical and mpMRI parameters.

Methods: The study included patients who had PI-RADS 3 lesions detected on mpMRI and underwent fusion biopsy between January 2020 and January 2024. Radiological parameters (Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), tumour ADC/contralateral ADC ratio, Ktrans value, periprostatic adipose tissue thickness, lesion size, prostate volume) and clinical parameters (age, body mass index, total prostate specific antigen, free PSA, PSA density, systemic inflammatory index, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], platelet lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte monocyte ratio) were documented.

Evaluation of liver parenchyma with shear wave elastography in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy.

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) and leflunomide (LEF) play fundamental roles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment and require proper monitoring of side effects. Concerns about MTX/LEF-related liver fibrosis (LF) in patients with RA remain unclear. This study investigated liver stiffness using two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) in RA patients undergoing disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy.

A comprehensive MRI analysis of osteoid osteomas in patients with diverse radiological features across various regions.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which does not involve ionizing radiation, is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing osteoid osteoma (OO), an ailment more common in children and young adults.

Purpose: This study aims to perform a literature review and delineate the MRI findings of OO lesions in patients exhibiting varying radiological features across different regions.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study included 63 patients diagnosed with OO through MRI, assessed independently by two blinded radiologists using both standard and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI techniques.

Increased 68 Ga-FAPI-04 Uptake in Meningioma.

A 65-year-old woman with long-standing symptoms of COVID-19 participated in our clinical study on the role of 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in pulmonary fibrosis. Neither sequela parenchymal changes nor 68 Ga-FAPI-04 uptake was observed in the lungs. However, focal 68 Ga-FAPI-04 uptake was localized in a smoothly circumscribed mass observed in the right frontal region.

Evaluation of signal intensity changes in dentate nucleus and globus pallidus on magnetic resonance imaging after intrathecal gadolinium-based contrast agent administration.

Purpose: Gadolinium deposition has been reported in several normal anatomical structures in the brain after repeated administration of intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study presents preliminary results to see if there is any gadolinium deposition in the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus after using intrathecal GBCAs.

Methods: Between November 2018 and November 2020, 29 patients who underwent intrathecal contrast-enhanced MR cisternography with the suspicion of rhinorrhea were included in this prospective study.

Investigation of the effects of Gamma Knife radiosurgery on optic pathways using diffusion tensor MRI within the first year after treatment.

Purpose: To investigate the radiation-induced effects of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for sellar-parasellar tumors on optic pathways using DTI parameters within the first year after treatment.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with sellar-parasellar tumors underwent MRI before and 3 months after GKRS, including T1WI, DTI, T2WI. Moreover, 21 patients underwent follow-up DTI 6-8 months after radiosurgery.

Comparison of the Effects of Spreader Graft Versus Spreader Flap on Nasal Valve Angle in Open Approach Rhinoplasty.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the spreader graft and flap techniques, which are used in nasal valve surgery, based on measurements of nasal valve angles using computed tomography.

Material And Method: In this retrospective study, all patients' right and left internal nasal valve angles were measured from coronal computed tomography images taken preoperatively and in the third postoperative month. A paired t-test and independent t-test were used to compare continuous numerical variables.

Texture analysis of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating clinically significant prostate cancer in the peripheral zone.

Background: Texture analysis (TA) provides additional tissue heterogeneity data that may assist in differentiating peripheral zone(PZ) lesions in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). This study investigates the role of magnetic resonance imaging texture analysis (MRTA) in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in the PZ.

Methods: This retrospective study included 80 consecutive patients who had an mpMRI and a prostate biopsy for suspected prostate cancer.

The role of superb micr ole of superb microvascular imaging in detecting low-gr ascular imaging in detecting low-grade inflammation among adults and those with chronic kidney disease: A preliminary study.

Background: Pathophysiologic changes associated with chronic inflammation occur with aging and more prominently in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and an association between chronic inflammation and muscle wasting has been identified. The microcirculation is extremely sensitive to the inflammatory process and actively participates in it. In a healthy adult, angiogenesis is a strictly controlled and rare occurrence.

Assessment of lacrimal gland involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome using gray-scale ultrasonography and shear wave elastography.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess lacrimal gland involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) using lacrimal gland gray-scale ultrasound (LGUS) and two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE).

Methods: Eighty-five pSS patients with a mean age of 51.16 ± 10.

Can magnetic resonance imaging texture analysis change the breast imaging reporting and data system category of breast lesions?

Purpose: This study aimed to reveal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture analysis (TA)'s contribution to categorizing breast lesions according to the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon.

Method: Two hundred and seventeen women with BI-RADS category 3, 4, and 5 lesions on breast MRI were included in the study. For TA, the region of interest was drawn manually to encompass the entire lesion on the fat-suppressed T2W and the first post-contrast T1W images.

Fetal Orbital Epidermal Cyst Pre-postnatal Imaging Findings: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Fetal ultrasonographic evaluation is a routine part of pregnancy follow-up, and examination of orbital structures is also part of the routine evaluation. Although orbital developmental anomalies are common in the neonatal period, diagnosis in the intrauterine period is not common. To our knowledge, three cases with a diagnosis of congenital orbital epidermal cysts have been reported in the literature, and two of them had fetal imaging findings.

Diagnostic performance of gray-scale ultrasound and shear wave elastography in assessing salivary gland involvement in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic performance of gray-scale ultrasound (US) and shear wave elastography (SWE) for determining salivary gland involvement primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).

Methods: In this prospective study, the salivary glands of 72 healthy volunteers and 74 participants with pSS were examined by two blinded radiologists with consensus using gray-scale US and SWE. SWE parameters were compared between groups.

Two-dimensional shear wave elastography can improve the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in acute appendicitis.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining 2-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) with ultrasonography (US) in diagnosing acute appendicitis in patients with suspected acute appendicitis.

Methods: Clinical and laboratory findings, gray-scale US and 2D-SWE imaging features, operation information, and pathology results of 48 patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis who presented with right lower quadrant pain were prospectively evaluated. We compared the findings to the US and SWE imaging features of 79 asymptomatic patients.

Isolated Liver Metastasis Detected by 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT in Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer.

Lymph nodes, bones, and liver are the most typical metastatic sites for prostate cancer. However, isolated liver metastasis from prostate cancer is extremely rare. Here, we report a 75-year-old man with newly diagnosed prostate adenocarcinoma, with isolated liver metastasis detected by 68 Ga-PSMA ( 68 Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen) PET/CT.

Orbital structures in the pediatric age group: A normative assessment using magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: Many diseases of traumatic, infectious, endocrinologic and neoplastic origin can lead to orbital involvement and related morphological changes. In the present study, we aimed to determine the age-based normal orbital measurements using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric patients.

Methods: Our retrospective study included 186 patients with normal orbital MRI findings.

Which one is better for predicting extraprostatic extension on multiparametric MRI: ESUR score, Likert scale, tumor contact length, or EPE grade?

Purpose: To evaluate the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) score, the Likert scale, tumor contact length (TCL) > 1 cm, and EPE (extraprostatic extension) grade in predicting EPE at multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI).

Methods: Seventy-nine patients who underwent 3-T MRI and were histopathologically confirmed by microblocks were enrolled in this retrospective study. The index lesions were interpreted by two experienced radiologists.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating early response to radiosurgery in patients with vestibular schwannoma.

Purpose: This study aimed to use dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to evaluate early treatment response in vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients after radiosurgery.

Methods: Twenty-four VS patients who underwent gamma knife radiosurgery were prospectively followed up for at least four years. DCE-MRI sequences, in addition to standard MRI protocol, were obtained prior to radiosurgery, at 3 and 6 months.

Diagnostic Performance of Lower Extremity Venous Wall Thickness and Laboratory Findings in the Diagnosis of the Behçet Disease.

Background/objective: Behçet disease (BD) is not a single unique entity but a syndrome with different clinical phenotypes that can involve arterial and venous vessels of all sizes. To date, there has been no specific test or serum marker to measure and determine the severity of BD, and diagnosis remains based on clinical findings. This study aimed to assess lower extremity venous wall thickness (VWT) measured by ultrasound and laboratory findings and diagnostic performance in patients with BD.

Computed Tomography Analysis of Nasal Anatomy in Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty.

Background: Subdorsal septal resection and radix osteotomy are distinctive surgical steps in preservation rhinoplasty.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the nasal bone thickness, the level of the septal bony-cartilaginous junction (K area), and the distances of the frontal sinus and skull base from the transverse osteotomy line in the Turkish population by means of conventional computed tomography (CT).

Methods: A retrospective evaluation was made of 203 consecutive preoperative paranasal CT scans of patients (classified in terms of age and gender) who had undergone rhinoplasty surgery between January 2020 and June 2021.

Evaluation of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-13, and IL-17 levels and computed tomography finding in interstitial lung disease associated with connective tissue disease patients.

Objective: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most severe complications which is associated with connective tissue disease (CTD) and causes to morbidity and mortality. So, we aimed to determine serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-13, and IL-17, to investigate whether these cytokines are related to CTD-ILD, and to find their possible contribution to determining the prognosis of the disease.

Methods: A total of 150 participants, 80 patients diagnosed with CTD-ILD (mean age, 58.

Diagnostic performance of Radiological Society of North America structured reporting language for chest computed tomography findings in patients with COVID-19.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the RSNA structured reporting language for chest CT findings in patients with COVID-19.

Material And Methods: Patients with suspected COVID-19 who underwent chest CT and RT-PCR tests were enrolled consecutively in this retrospective study, regardless of symptoms. Imaging findings were categorized as "typical", "indeterminate", "atypical", or "negative" according to RSNA reporting language and compared to RT-PCR.