Surgical Anatomy and Intrapelvic Course of Obturator Nerve.

Study Objective: The aim of this study is to reveal the anatomy of the obturator nerve (ON) and its important relationship in pelvic surgery with the surrounding anatomical structures.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Interventions: Parameters from the left and right ON's to relevant anatomical landmarks were measured and statistical analysis was performed.

Lateral Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma: A Step-by-Step Description of Surgical Anatomical Planes During Cadaveric Dissection and Minimally Invasive Surgery.

Purpose: Total mesorectal excision (TME) is accepted as gold standard method in rectal cancer globally. But there is no standard for lateral lymph nodes. Combination of neoadjuvant treatment plus lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) in select patients might be a promising method.

Combined Autologous Adductor Magnus and Partial Quadriceps Tendon Technique for Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction and Cellularized Scaffold Implantation of the Patella.

There are many studies in the literature on the use of adductor magnus and quadriceps tendons in primary or revision surgery of patellofemoral instability in skeletally immature patients. In this Technical Note, the combination of both tendons is presented with cellularized scaffold implantation cartilage surgery in the patella.

The adductor magnus tendon is a viable option for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, but with a busy surrounding neurovascular topography.

Purpose: To describe the proximity of the neurovascular structures surrounding the adductor magnus (ADM), to delineate a safe boundary focusing on the techniques used during graft harvest and to evaluate whether the length of the ADM tendon is sufficient for safe medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction.

Methods: Sixteen formalin-fixed cadavers were dissected. The area surrounding the ADM, the adductor tubercle (AT) and the adductor hiatus was exposed.

Posteromedial Compartment Arthroscopy of the Knee and Resection of Osteophytes: An Anatomic Perspective on Posteromedial Knee Impingement.

Posteromedial knee pain is a common clinical problem. It is often accompanied by degenerative changes or tears in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus and/or pain during deep flexion of the knee. In more advanced cases, it is accompanied by the osteophytic formation of a cam lesion that develops gradually in the posterior of the medial condyle of the femur and, with it (or less frequently without it), an osteophytic lesion at the posterior of the tibia (i.

Protection of the innervation of the tensor fasciae latae in hip direct anterior and anterolateral approaches: a cadaver study.

Purpose: This study aims to reveal the exact course of the superior gluteal nerve (SGN) branch innervating the tensor fascia lata (TFL) and show how it can be protected in the direct anterior approach (DAA) and anterolateral approach (ALA).

Methods: The anterolateral regions of 22 thighs from formalin-fixed cadavers were dissected. 3 anatomical points were determined.

A new modified pararectus approach and visualization: an anatomical study.

Introduction: The aim of our study was to visualize all the windows used in the pararectus approach with detailed cadaver images to facilitate better understanding of orthopedic surgeons and, in addition, was to modify the incision used in the pararectus approach to a more cosmetic bikini incision.

Materials And Methods: In total, 20 cadavers fixed in 10% formalin were used in this study. Of these cadavers, 14 were male and six were female, with a mean age at death of 57 (42-82 years).

Comparison of textbook versus three-dimensional animation versus cadaveric training videos in teaching laparoscopic rectal surgery: a prospective randomized trial.

Aim: The aim of this prospective randomized study was to compare the effectiveness of various educational tools in laparoscopic rectal surgery, including surgical textbooks, animation and cadaveric videos.

Method: Initially, an electronic assessment test assessing knowledge of laparoscopic rectal surgery was created and validated. The test was sent to graduates completing a general surgery residency programme in Turkey, who were then randomized into four groups based on the type of study material.

Radiological Evaluation of Femoral Intercondylar Notch and Tibial Intercondylar Eminence Morphometries in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Pathologies Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between femoral-tibial morphometries and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) pathologies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 455 patients (211 females and 244 males) who underwent knee MRI with suspected ACL pathology. Imaging findings were classified as normal ACL ( = 119), degeneration of the ACL ( = 116), partial ACL tear ( = 103), and complete ACL tear ( = 117).

Measurement of interscalene space volume in diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome: a cadaver study.

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to measure the volume of interscalene space in thoracic outlet region on cadavers and radiological images and to analyze the potential value of these measurements in diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS).

Materials And Methods: The dimensions of the anterior interscalene space in 8 formalin-fixed human cadavers were studied by direct measurement and additionally evaluation of the volume of this space were done by using mold and volume calculation formula of square pyramid, due to resembling a pyramid. In the second phase of this study, interscalene space volume was calculated by formula and compared to calculations from computed tomography (CT) sections in 18 TOS and 16 control patients.

Development and Implementation of a Novel Computer-Based Training Module for the Standardization of Splenic Flexure Mobilization.

Background: Computer-based training modules use various multimedia components such as text, graphics, animation, and videos that can theoretically facilitate the learning process. Splenic flexure mobilization (SFM) is a crucial step for tension-free colorectal/anal anastomosis that can be a technically demanding step. This study is designed to demonstrate our novel training module for SFM with high-vessel ligation during surgery and present the anatomical landmarks and embryological plans for SFM.

Redefining the collateral system between the superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery: a novel classification.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the arterial collateral vasculature between the superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) from a surgical perspective.

Method: A total of 107 fresh adult cadavers (94 male) were studied with emphasis on the vascular anatomy of the left colon. Dissections were carried out mimicking the anterior resection technique.

Abdominal palpation and percussion maneuvers do not affect bowel sounds.

Objectives: Medical textbooks suggest that the frequency of bowel sounds may be altered by performing auscultation after palpation or percussion. We hypothesize that the frequency of bowel sounds is not affected by the order of abdominal examination.

Material And Methods: Both healthy volunteers (n= 80) and patients (n= 100) were enrolled in this crossover randomized study.

Comparison of Mesenteric Lengthening Techniques in IPAA: An Anatomic and Angiographic Study on Fresh Cadavers.

Background: The IPAA technique restores anal functionality in patients who have had the large intestine and rectum removed; however, 1 of the most important reasons for pouch failure is tension on the anastomosis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare technical procedures for mesenteric lengthening used for IPAA to reduce this tension.

Design: After randomization, 4 different techniques for mesenteric lengthening were performed and compared on fresh cadavers.

The importance of costoclavicular space on possible compression of the subclavian artery in the thoracic outlet region: a radio-anatomical study.

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to identify possible compression points along the transit route of the subclavian artery and to provide a detailed anatomical analysis of areas that are involved in the surgical management of the thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). The results of the current study are based on measurements from cadavers, computed tomography (CT) scans and dry adult first ribs.

Methods: The width and length of the interscalene space and the width of the costoclavicular passage were measured on 18 cervical dissections in 9 cadavers, on 50 dry first ribs and on CT angiography sections from 15 patients whose conditions were not related to TOS.

Applied anatomy for tibial intraosseous access in adults: A Radioanatomical Study.

Intraosseous access is a method for providing vascular access in resuscitation of critically ill and injured patients when traditional intravenous access is difficult or impossible. There is a lack of detailed description for the landmark for the insertion point in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the exact location for intraosseous access.

Cervical extraforaminal ligaments: an anatomical study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the anatomy and clinical importance of extraforaminal ligaments in the cervical region.

Methods: This study was performed on eight embalmed cadavers. The existence and types of extraforaminal ligaments were identified.

The Cervical Arteries: An Anatomical Study with Application to Avoid the Nerve Root and Spinal Cord Blood Supply.

Aim: Injury to the vascular supply to the cervical spinal cord can lead to the anterior spinal artery syndrome, which is often associated with transforaminal corticosteroid injections to the cervical foramina. The purpose of this cadaveric study was to examine the morphology of the cervical arteries and to emphasize their clinical importance.

Material And Methods: Five formalin-fixed human cadavers were used to determine the morphology of the radicular arteries from the vertebral, ascending and deep cervical arteries in the cervical foraminal region.

Variations in the Vascular Anatomy of the Right Colon and Implications for Right-Sided Colon Surgery.

Background: Knowledge of the normal pattern and variations of the blood supply of the right colon is crucial for better outcomes after colon surgery.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the precise vascular anatomy of the right colon according to surgical perspective.

Design: Adult fresh cadavers were dissected between January 2013 and October 2015, focusing on the venous and arterial anatomy of the right side of the colon.

Location of Needle Tips on Plexus Brachialis in Different Supraclavicular Block Techniques: A Cadaver Study.

Objective: The present study was performed on cadavers to evaluate the efficacy of the different supraclavicular block techniques (Vongvises, Dalens, plumb-bob and inter-SCM) by investigating the location of the needle tip on the brachial plexus and to determine the most suitable block techniques according to the site of the surgery.

Methods: The study was performed on one embalmed and nine fresh cadavers. After the dissection, the skin of the cadavers was restored in its original position.

Relationship of dorsal root ganglion to intervertebral foramen in lumbar region: an anatomical study and review of literature.

Background: The purpose of this study was to clarify the morphologic features, location and variations of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG).

Methods: Fifteen formalin fixed cadavers for the current study were included. Total of 150 DRGs were examined from L1 to L5.

Dynamic article: surgical anatomical planes for complete mesocolic excision and applied vascular anatomy of the right colon.

Background: Lower local recurrence rates and better overall survival are associated with complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation for treatment of colon cancer. To accomplish this, surgeons need to pay special attention to the surgical anatomical planes and vascular anatomy of the colon. However, surgical education in this area has been neglected.