ADHD in Adults: Does Age at Diagnosis Matter?

Objective: To provide additional information about clinical features associated with adult ADHD in patients diagnosed in childhood compared to those first diagnosed in adulthood.

Method: We stratified a sample of adults with ADHD into patients diagnosed in childhood versus adulthood and compared demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results: We found similar clinical features in adults diagnosed in childhood and adults diagnosed in adulthood.

Phenotypic Environmental Sensitivity and Mental Health During Pregnancy and Post Partum: Protocol for the Experiences of Pregnancy Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Background: Mental health problems during pregnancy and post partum are common and associated with negative short- and long-term impacts on pregnant individuals, obstetric outcomes, and child socioemotional development. Socio-environmental factors are important predictors of perinatal mental health, but the effects of the environment on mental health are heterogeneous. The differential susceptibility theory and the environmental sensitivity framework suggest that individuals differ in their degree of sensitivity to positive and negative environments, which can be captured by individual phenotypes such as temperament and personality.

Growth Trajectories in Stimulant Treated Children and Adolescents: A Qualitative Review of the Literature from Comprehensive Datasets and Registries.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment with stimulant products has been shown to be safe and effective; however, there are remaining concerns about their possible adverse effects on growth trajectories. We conducted a systematic review of the extant literature derived from ecologically valid databases and registries to assess the body of knowledge about the effects of stimulants on growth trajectories in naturalistic samples. Using PubMed and PsycINFO, we searched for articles published before February 8, 2023 that focused on growth findings associated with stimulant treatment in pediatric ADHD from comprehensive datasets derived from naturalistic population studies.

Modified-Weight Healthy Eating Index-2015 Scores Are More Strongly Associated With Mortality Risk Than Standard Scores.

Background: Various diet quality scores are consistently and similarly associated with mortality risk. Emerging evidence suggests that individual diet quality components are differentially associated with mortality risk, but it is unclear whether or not modified weights reflective of relative component differences would strengthen mortality associations.

Objective: This study examined whether Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) scores with modified (vs standard) component weights are differentially associated with mortality risk.

Optimizing purification and activity assays of N-terminal methyltransferase complexes.

In vitro methyltransferase assays have traditionally been carried out with tritiated S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) as the methyl donor, as site-specific methylation antibodies are not always available for Western or dot blots and structural requirements of many methyltransferases prohibit the use of peptide substrates in luminescent or colorimetric assays. The discovery of the first N-terminal methyltransferase, METTL11A, has allowed for a second look at non-radioactive in vitro methyltransferase assays, as N-terminal methylation is amenable to antibody production and the limited structural requirements of METTL11A allow for its methylation of peptide substrates. We have used a combination of Western blots and luminescent assays to verify substrates of METTL11A and the two other known N-terminal methyltransferases, METTL11B and METTL13.

Opposing regulation of the Nα-trimethylase METTL11A by its family members METTL11B and METTL13.

N-terminal protein methylation (Nα-methylation) is a posttranslational modification that influences numerous biological processes by regulating protein stability, protein-DNA interactions, and protein-protein interactions. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the biological roles of Nα-methylation, we still do not completely understand how the modifying methyltransferases are regulated. A common mode of methyltransferase regulation is through complex formation with close family members, and we have previously shown that the Nα-trimethylase METTL11A (NRMT1/NTMT1) is activated through binding of its close homolog METTL11B (NRMT2/NTMT2).

Participant Characteristics Associated with High Responsiveness to Personalized Healthy Food Incentives: a Secondary Analysis of the Randomized Controlled Crossover Smart Cart Study.

Background: Personalized dietary behavioral interventions could be enhanced by understanding factors accounting for individual variability in dietary decisions.

Objective: This study was a secondary analysis of the Smart Cart randomized controlled trial to determine whether participant characteristics predicted high responsiveness to personalized grocery incentives for purchasing healthy food.

Methods: This secondary analysis of a 9-mo crossover study included 192 regular shoppers (86%) from a Rhode Island supermarket.

Novel regulation of the transcription factor ZHX2 by N-terminal methylation.

N-terminal methylation (Nα-methylation) by the methyltransferase NRMT1 is an important post-translational modification that regulates protein-DNA interactions. Accordingly, its loss impairs functions that are reliant on such interactions, including DNA repair and transcriptional regulation. The global loss of Nα-methylation results in severe developmental and premature aging phenotypes, but given over 300 predicted substrates, it is hard to discern which physiological substrates contribute to each phenotype.

Allostatic Load and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Allostatic load, a measure of stress-related physiologic dysregulation, is associated with numerous mortality risk factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the relationship between high allostatic load (i.e.

The relationship between maternal prenatal and postnatal vegetable intake and repeated measures of infant vegetable intake frequency in a national U.S. sample.

Experimental research suggests that passive flavor transfer from maternal diet to the infant via amniotic fluid and breastmilk may improve infant vegetable intake. This secondary analysis examined associations between maternal (prenatal and postnatal) and infant vegetable intake in 696 mothers with eligible dietary data from the U.S.

Contributions of Food Environments to Dietary Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk.

Purpose Of Review: To evaluate the multidimensional influence of food environments on food choice, dietary quality, and diet-related health and identify critical gaps necessary to develop effective population interventions that influence food choice.

Recent Findings: Multicomponent interventions that interact with multiple layers of the food environment show limited but consistent effects on dietary behaviors and may have wider and substantive population-level reach with greater incorporation of validated, holistic measurement tools. Opportunities to use smartphone technology to measure multiple components of the food environment will facilitate future interventions, particularly as food environments expand into online settings and interact with consumers in novel ways to shape food choice.

Effect of Personalized Incentives on Dietary Quality of Groceries Purchased: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Importance: Many factors are associated with food choice. Personalized interventions could help improve dietary intake by using individual purchasing preferences to promote healthier grocery purchases.

Objective: To test whether a healthy food incentive intervention using an algorithm incorporating customer preferences, purchase history, and baseline diet quality improves grocery purchase dietary quality and spending on healthy foods.

The utility of household Grocery Purchase Quality Index scores as an individual diet quality metric.

The Grocery Purchase Quality Index (GPQI) reflects concordance between household grocery purchases and US dietary recommendations. However, it is unclear whether GPQI scores calculated from partial purchasing records reflect individual-level diet quality. This secondary analysis of a 9-month randomised controlled trial examined concordance between the GPQI (range 0-75, scaled to 100) calculated from 3 months of loyalty-card linked partial (≥50 %) household grocery purchasing data and individual-level Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores at baseline and 3 months calculated from FFQ (n 209).

Sociodemographic Differences in the Dietary Quality of Food-at-Home Acquisitions and Purchases among Participants in the U.S. Nationally Representative Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS).

Insufficient research has explored whether sociodemographic differences in self-reported, individual-level diet quality are similarly reflected by grocery purchase quality. This cross-sectional analysis of = 3961 U.S.

Selective Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of NTMT1/2: Rational Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystallographic Studies.

Protein N-terminal methyltransferases (NTMTs) methylate the α-N-terminal amines of proteins starting with the canonical X-P-K/R motif. Genetic studies imply that NTMT1 regulates cell mitosis and DNA damage repair. Herein, we report the rational design and development of the first potent peptidomimetic inhibitor for NTMT1/2.

Evaluating the effect of individually-targeted food incentives on grocery purchases: The smart cart study protocol for a randomized controlled cross-over trial.

Background/aims: Health stakeholders are interested in the promise of healthy food incentives to improve dietary quality. The Smart Cart Study tested whether targeting healthful food incentives based on customer preferences and purchase history was effective for improving grocery purchase quality.

Design: Randomized controlled crossover design of 224 adults who shopped at an independent supermarket for ≥50% of their groceries, participated in the store's loyalty program, and completed validated diet and sociodemographic/behavioral questionnaires.

Socio-economic and racial prenatal diet quality disparities in a national US sample.

Objective: To examine differences in prenatal diet quality by socio-economic status (SES) and race/ethnicity.

Design: A secondary, cross-sectional analysis. Race and SES were self-reported prenatally; SES was categorized into four groups: high-income, middle-income and low-income WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children) participant/non-participant.

Associations between pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and prenatal diet quality in a national sample.

This secondary analysis explored the association between gestational weight gain, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and prenatal diet quality in a United States national sample. The sample comprised 1322 pregnant women in the longitudinal Infant Feeding Practices Study II with Diet History Questionnaire data. Diet quality in the third trimester was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy.

Geographic Differences in the Dietary Quality of Food Purchases among Participants in the Nationally Representative Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS).

Objective grocery transactions may reflect diet, but it is unclear whether the diet quality of grocery purchases mirrors geographic and racial/ethnic disparities in diet-related diseases. This cross-sectional analysis of 3961 households in the nationally representative Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey evaluated geographic and racial/ethnic disparities in grocery purchase quality. Respondents self-reported demographics and recorded purchases over 7 days; the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 assessed diet quality.

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer links membrane ferroportin, hephaestin but not ferroportin, amyloid precursor protein complex with iron efflux.

Iron efflux from mammalian cells is supported by the synergistic actions of the ferrous iron efflux transporter, ferroportin (Fpn) and a multicopper ferroxidase, that is, hephaestin (Heph), ceruloplasmin (Cp) or both. The two proteins stabilize Fpn in the plasma membrane and catalyze extracellular Fe release. The membrane stabilization of Fpn is also stimulated by its interaction with a 22-amino acid synthetic peptide based on a short sequence in the extracellular E2 domain of the amyloid precursor protein (APP).

Diet quality of vegetarian diets compared with nonvegetarian diets: a systematic review.

Objective: Vegetarian diets are consistently associated with improved health outcomes, and higher diet quality may contribute to improved health outcomes. This systematic review aims to qualitatively compare the a priori diet quality of vegetarian and nonvegetarian diets.

Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, 2 online databases (Web of Science and PubMed) were searched for English language studies comparing diet quality among vegetarian and nonvegetarian adults using an a priori diet quality index.

Substance use education in US schools of pharmacy: A systematic review of the literature.

Background: The authors sought to systematically review the quantity and quality of literature describing substance use disorders (SUDs) education in US schools of pharmacy and determine the effectiveness of the educational interventions employed.

Methods: The authors conducted a systematic review of SUDs education studies in US pharmacy schools. All literature database searches were performed on April 30, 2016, in 5 databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Embase.