The use of household surveys in community-oriented primary care health needs assessments.

Objective: This study demonstrates the use of a community household survey and how it can provide information beyond that obtained with secondary epidemiologic data alone.

Methods: Adults in 215 randomly selected households in an inner-city neighborhood in Bronx, NY, were assessed by in-person interviews in homes of neighborhood residents. The survey collected data on self-reported health status, source and quality of medical care, possible barriers to obtaining medical care, and perceptions of the community.

Diagnostic criteria for screening headache patients for temporomandibular disorders.

Patients with temporomandibular disorders frequently suffer from headache. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple screening exam which would allow the physician to identify headache patients with coexisting temporomandibular disorders. Twenty-eight migraine and 27 tension headache patients were identified by a board certified neurologist and then were examined by a dentist for signs of temporomandibular disorders.

The comparison of patients suffering from temporomandibular disorders and a general headache population.

The purpose of this study was to examine the possible association of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders relative to headache. Fifty-six sequential patients referred to the Headache Institute of Minnesota for evaluation and treatment of migraine and tension headaches were examined for signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. The results of the examination of headache patients were compared to patients suffering from myofascial pain dysfunction and/or TMJ internal derangements from the TMJ and Craniofacial Pain Clinic at the University of Minnesota.

Marketing strategy determinants in rural hospitals.

Rural hospitals confront an inauspicious environment due to changes in patient reimbursement and medical practice. Facing a situation of declining revenues, marketing presents an option for rural hospitals to adapt to the growing constraints. This paper analyzes the determinants of marketing strategy emphasis in rural hospitals.

Prognostic significance of DNA ploidy in male breast carcinoma. A retrospective analysis of 32 cases.

Background: DNA aneuploidy has been prognostically significant in female breast carcinoma of low stage, but its value in male breast carcinoma remains undetermined.

Methods: Flow cytometric DNA analyses were performed retrospectively on paraffin-embedded tissue from 32 men with breast carcinoma (mean follow-up time, 5.97 years [standard deviation +/- 4.

The relationship of occlusion, parafunctional habits and recent life events to mandibular dysfunction in a non-patient population.

This study investigated the association between occlusion, oral habits and stress relative to the level of mandibular dysfunction in the total population and in specific diagnostic subgroups (normal, joint disorder, muscle disorder and joint/muscle disorder). A total of 269 nursing students were given a questionnaire and examination. The questionnaire included items to calculate an oral habit index and a social readjustment rating scale.

The Space Station Freedom Flight Telerobotic Servicer: the design and evolution of a dexterous space robot.

The Flight Telerobotic Servicer (FTS) Project at the Goddard Space Flight Center is developing an advanced telerobotic system to assist in and reduce crew extravehicular activity (EVA) for Space Station) Freedom (SSF). The FTS will provide a telerobotic capability to the Freedom Station in the early assembly phases of the program and will be employed for assembly, maintenance, and inspection applications throughout the lifetime of the space station. Appropriately configured elements of the FTS will also be employed for robotic manipulation in remote satellite servicing applications and possibly the Lunar/Mars Program.

The prevalence and treatment needs of subjects with temporomandibular disorders.

A cross-sectional study of prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangements, muscle disorders, and associated TM signs and symptoms was completed on 269 female nursing students. The prevalence of specific stages of internal derangements of the TMJ and muscle disorders was estimated, using established diagnostic criteria. The levels of dysfunction and symptomatology associated with each diagnosis were estimated with previously established indexes.

Pharmacological analysis of the magnocellular red nucleus during classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response.

Previous experiments have suggested that the red nucleus is an essential structure in the neural pathways subserving the conditioned responses (CRs) elicited in several simple associative learning paradigms. The present investigation confirms the involvement of the magnocellular red nucleus in production of the classically conditioned nictitating membrane response in the rabbit and suggests that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) processes within this structure are involved in expression of the CR. Specifically, these studies demonstrate that microinfusion of a GABA antagonist (either picrotoxin or bicuculline methiodide) into the magnocellular red nucleus can selectively and reversibly reduce or abolish retention of the CR, without altering the unconditioned reflex response.

Structural and functional correlates of effects of angiotensin-induced changes in rat glomerulus.

The effects of systemically infused angiotensin II (ANG II) (5, 50, and 100 ng X min-1 X 100 g body wt-1; groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. All doses increased systemic blood pressure, fractional excretion of sodium, and urine flow rate but decreased glomerular filtration rate. Scanning electron microscopy revealed no detectable changes in the visceral epithelium or measurable alterations in the total area of endothelial capillary surface occupied by pores.

Discovery of multiple organofluorophosphate hydrolyzing activities in the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila.

Recently it has been found that homogenates of Tetrahymena thermophila can hydrolyze the potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors O,O-diisopropylphosphofluoridate (DFP) and O-1,2,2-trimethylpropylmethylphosphonofluoridate (soman). Upon purification of the DFP hydrolyzing activity 10-fold it had been noted that the soman hydrolyzing activity increased only 2-3 fold. Treatment with manganous ion and comparison of the soman and DFP hydrolysis rates of the homogenate indicated that a mixture of the squid-type and Mazur-type DFPases may be present.

Young adolescents' perception of their peers who wear hearing aids.

In order to evaluate the perceptions of young adolescents of their peers who wear hearing aids, observers were selected from four types of schools: rural, suburban, inner city, and a self-contained classroom for the hearing impaired. Observers made semantic differential ratings of two teen-aged peers, one of whom had normal hearing and one of whom had a moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss. Both boys spoke under three conditions: wearing a postauricular hearing aid, wearing a body aid, and wearing no aid at all.

Myofascial pain syndrome of the head and neck: a review of clinical characteristics of 164 patients.

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common but misunderstood muscular pain disorder involving pain referred from small, tender trigger points within myofascial structures in or distant from the area of pain. Misdiagnosis or inadequate management of this disorder after onset may lead to development of a complex chronic pain syndrome. A review of the clinical characteristics of 164 patients whose chief complaints led to the diagnosis of MPS revealed that these patients had (1) tenderness at points in firm bands of skeletal muscle that were consistent with past reports, (2) specific patterns of pain referral associated with each trigger point, (3) frequent emotional, postural, and behavioral contributing factors, and (4) frequent associated symptoms and concomitant diagnoses.

Human figure drawing ability and vestibular processing dysfunction in learning-disabled children.

Explored the relationship between vestibular function as measured by duration of postrotary nystagmus and human figure drawing ability in 40 children labeled as learning disabled. Regression analysis revealed that the variable of chronological age shared the most variance with human figure drawing scores. Postrotary nystagmus durations also shared a significant amount of variance with human figure drawing scores, while the variables of IQ and sex were nonsignificant.

The aging male rat: structure and function of the kidney.

The progression of anatomic and functional changes that occur with aging in normal male Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated. Renal function studies were followed by vascular perfusion fixation of the kidneys. The kidneys were examined with light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

Morphologic changes in uranyl nitrate-induced acute renal failure in saline- and water-drinking rats.

The sequential changes in renal morphology that occurred for 5 subsequent days after a subcutaneous injection of uranyl nitrate (10 mg. per kg.) were examined in saline- and water-drinking rats using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.

The long-term effects of uranyl nitrate on the structure and function of the rat kidney.

Studies were undertaken to determine the long-term effects of the nephrotoxin, uranyl nitrate, on the function and structure of the rat kidney. Animals were injected with 10 mg/kg B.Wt.