Impact of adverse childhood experiences on sensory thresholds in adults living with multimorbidity and chronic pain (the ACE-MAP study): protocol for an observational feasibility study.

Introduction: Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is associated with a range of poor long-term health outcomes, including multimorbidity and chronic pain. Epidemiological evidence underpins much of this relationship; however, psychophysical testing methods, such as quantitative sensory testing (QST), may provide valuable insights into potential mechanisms. Previous studies have shown inconsistent links between ACEs and QST, but the QST profiles of people with multimorbidity have not been reported.

Pharmacological interventions for remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of preclinical trials.

Background: To improve perioperative pain management, several interventions have been suggested for the prevention of increased pain sensitivity caused by opioids (called opioid-induced hyperalgesia). It is currently unclear which intervention is the most effective or appropriate in preventing opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Remifentanil is the most investigated opioid causing opioid-induced hyperalgesia.

Childhood maltreatment and chronic "all over" body pain in adulthood: a counterfactual analysis using UK Biobank.

Evidence linking adverse childhood experiences and chronic pain in adulthood is largely cross-sectional, potentially subject to recall bias and does not allow exploration of mediating pathways. We analysed a large population-based cohort (UK Biobank) using a causal framework, to determine if childhood maltreatment is related to chronic "all over" body pain in adulthood. We used doubly robust estimation with inverse probability weights to estimate the difference in risk of chronic pain "all over" between those exposed/not exposed to childhood maltreatment (abuse or neglect).

Impact of adverse childhood experiences on analgesia-related outcomes: a systematic review.

Background: There is well-established evidence linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and chronic pain in adulthood. It is less clear how ACE exposure might influence the response to chronic pain treatment. In this systematic review, we synthesise the literature assessing the impact of ACE exposure on outcomes relating to the use, benefits, and harms of analgesic medications (analgesia-related outcomes).

The impact of adverse childhood experiences on multimorbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been implicated in the aetiology of a range of health outcomes, including multimorbidity. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to identify, synthesise, and quantify the current evidence linking ACEs and multimorbidity.

Methods: We searched seven databases from inception to 20 July 2023: APA PsycNET, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Activation of μ receptors by SR-17018 through a distinctive mechanism.

Agonists at μ opioid receptors relieve acute pain, however, their long-term use is limited by side effects, which may involve β-arrestin2. Agonists biased against β-arrestin2 recruitment may be advantageous. However, the classification of bias may be compromised by assays utilising overexpressed μ receptors which overestimate efficacy for G-protein activation.

Alkali metal alkoxyborate ester salts; a contemporary look at old compounds.

Research into the use of sodium tetraalkoxyborate salts for different chemical applications including synthetic catalysis, hydrogen storage, or battery applications has been investigated, however, understanding of the structural, thermal and electrochemical properties of these salts has been lacking since the 1950s and 1960s. A review of the synthesis, as well as a thorough characterization using H NMR, B NMR, C{H} NMR, FTIR, XRD, XRD, DSC-TGA, RGA-MS, TPPA, and EIS has newly identified polymorphic phase changes for Na[B(OMe)], K[B(OMe)], Li[B(OMe)], Na[B(OEt)], Na[B(OBu)], and Na[B(OBu)]. The crystal structure of K[B(OMe)] was also solved in 41/ ( = 22.

CB2 agonist mitigates cocaine-induced reinstatement of place preference and modulates the inflammatory response in mice.

Chronic exposure to cocaine is known to have profound effects on the brain, leading to the dysregulation of inflammatory signalling pathways, the activation of microglia, and the manifestation of cognitive and motivational behavioural impairments. The endocannabinoid system has emerged as a potential mediator of cocaine's deleterious effects. In this study, we sought to investigate the therapeutic potential of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist, JWH-133, in mitigating cocaine-induced inflammation and associated motivational behavioural alterations in an in vivo model.

Stannaborates: tuning the ion conductivity of dodecaborate salts with tin substitution.

Metal substituted dodecaborate anions can be coupled with alkali metal cations to have great potential as solid-state ion conductors for battery applications. A tin atom can replace a B-H unit within an unsubstituted dodecaborate cage to produce a stable, polar divalent anion. The chemical and structural change in forming a stannaborate results in a modified crystal structure of respective group 1 metal salts, and as a result, improves the material's ion conductivity.

Combined oil spill modelling and shoreline sensitivity analysis for contingency planning in the Irish Sea.

Offshore oil spills often result in severe environmental and socio-economic consequences. This work focuses on a busy, yet poorly studied part of NW Europe, the Irish Sea, to assess the impact of future oil spills on the nearby coast. By integrating numerical models and shoreline sensitivity analyses for two confined areas, Liverpool Bay and Milford Haven, this work acknowledges wind direction and speed as principal controls on the movement of oil under winter/storm conditions and in shallow waters.

Early-life adversity increases morphine tolerance and persistent inflammatory hypersensitivity through upregulation of δ opioid receptors in mice.

Exposure to severely stressful events during childhood is associated with poor health outcomes in later life, including chronic pain and substance use disorder. However, the mediators and mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the impact of a well-characterized mouse model of early-life adversity, fragmented maternal care (FC) between postnatal day 2 and 9, on nociception, inflammatory hypersensitivity, and responses to morphine.

The carbon sink of secondary and degraded humid tropical forests.

The globally important carbon sink of intact, old-growth tropical humid forests is declining because of climate change, deforestation and degradation from fire and logging. Recovering tropical secondary and degraded forests now cover about 10% of the tropical forest area, but how much carbon they accumulate remains uncertain. Here we quantify the aboveground carbon (AGC) sink of recovering forests across three main continuous tropical humid regions: the Amazon, Borneo and Central Africa.

Morphine-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in mice requires δ receptors, β-arrestin2, and c-Src activity.

Morphine diminishes pain, but its long-term use is compromised by tolerance and hyperalgesia. Studies implicate δ receptors, β-arrestin2 and Src kinase in tolerance. We examined whether these proteins are also involved in morphine-induced hypersensitivity (MIH).

Cross-sectional study examining the epidemiology of chronic pain in Nepal.

Introduction: The World Health Organization recognizes chronic pain as a global public health concern; however, there is a bias towards research conducted in relatively affluent nations. There is a dearth of large-scale epidemiological studies in Nepal using rigorously validated, cross-culturally adapted instruments.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of both chronic pain and chronic pain of predominantly neuropathic origin and their associations with a range of sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics.

Palmitoylation of the pore-forming subunit of Ca(v)1.2 controls channel voltage sensitivity and calcium transients in cardiac myocytes.

Mammalian voltage-activated L-type Ca channels, such as Ca(v)1.2, control transmembrane Ca fluxes in numerous excitable tissues. Here, we report that the pore-forming α1C subunit of Ca(v)1.

End-stage renal disease incidence in a cohort of US firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago, and Philadelphia.

Background: Firefighters perform strenuous work in hot environments, which may increase their risk of chronic kidney disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and types of ESRD among a cohort of US firefighters compared to the US general population, and to examine exposure-response relationships.

Methods: ESRD from 1977 through 2014 was identified through linkage with Medicare data.

Workplace violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: March-October, 2020, United States.

Problem: COVID-19 has impacted United States workers and workplaces in multiple ways including workplace violence events (WVEs). This analysis scanned online media sources to identify and describe the characteristics of WVEs related to COVID-19 occurring in the United States during the early phases of the pandemic.

Method: Publicly available online media reports were searched for COVID-19-related WVEs during March 1-October 31, 2020.

Traumatic needle damage to nerves during regional anesthesia: presentation of a novel mechanotransduction hypothesis.

Despite advances in needle positioning techniques, nerve damage still occurs after regional anesthesia. Recognized causes include local anesthetic toxicity, subperineural injection, high subepineural fluid injection pressures and subepineural hematoma after forceful needle--nerve contact.We hypothesize that subperineural injection is still possible, but less likely to be the cause of nerve damage because needle penetration of fascicles and mechanical damage is difficult to achieve.

GABA receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3.

The GABA receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel of the Cys-loop family that includes the nicotinic acetylcholine, 5-HT and strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors. GABA receptor-mediated inhibition within the CNS occurs by fast synaptic transmission, sustained tonic inhibition and temporally intermediate events that have been termed 'GABA, slow' [45]. GABA receptors exist as pentamers of 4TM subunits that form an intrinsic anion selective channel.

Validation of the Nepali Version of the Self-reported Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) in Adults With Chronic Pain and Predominantly Low-literacy Levels.

Neuropathic pain research and clinical care is limited in low- and middle-income countries with high prevalence of chronic pain such as Nepal. We translated and cross-culturally adapted the Self-report version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS)-a commonly used, reliable and valid instrument to screen for pain of predominantly neuropathic origin (POPNO)-into Nepali (S-LANSS-NP) and validated it using recommended guidelines. We recruited 30 patients with chronic pain in an outpatient setting for cognitive debriefing and recruited 287 individuals with chronic pain via door-to-door interviews for validation.

Validation of the short-form reproductive coercion scale with Appalachian women.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the short-form Reproductive Coercion Scale among a sample of Appalachian women.

Study Design: We recruited a purposive sample of Appalachian women, using targeted Facebook ads to collect data via an online survey in fall 2019. We randomly split our sample into two independent samples and used exploratory factor analysis on sample 1 (N = 314) and confirmatory factor analysis on sample 2 (N = 314) in order to cross-validate our findings.

Pharmacological and nutritional targeting of voltage-gated sodium channels in the treatment of cancers.

Voltage-gated sodium (Na) channels, initially characterized in excitable cells, have been shown to be aberrantly expressed in non-excitable cancer tissues and cells from epithelial origins such as in breast, lung, prostate, colon, and cervix, whereas they are not expressed in cognate non-cancer tissues. Their activity was demonstrated to promote aggressive and invasive potencies of cancer cells, both and , whereas their deregulated expression in cancer tissues has been associated with metastatic progression and cancer-related death. This review proposes Na channels as pharmacological targets for anticancer treatments providing opportunities for repurposing existing Na-inhibitors or developing new pharmacological and nutritional interventions.