Sex and genetic background influence intravenous oxycodone self-administration in the hybrid rat diversity panel.

Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is an ongoing worldwide public health concern. Genetic factors contribute to multiple OUD-related phenotypes, such as opioid-induced analgesia, initiation of opioid use, and opioid dependence. Here, we present findings from a behavioral phenotyping protocol using male and female rats from 15 genetically diverse inbred strains from the Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel (HRDP).

Integrating environmental physiotherapy into New Zealand undergraduate education: exploring current practice.

This paper describes the integration of environmental physiotherapy education into the physiotherapy curriculum in a New Zealand university in response to the environmental physiotherapy agenda and the University of Otago Sustainability Framework. We describe and discuss three learning activities, the associated challenges and lessons learnt, and the current position. Given the encompassing nature of environmental and health interactions, we aimed for multilayer immersive experiences using a range of pedagogical approaches.

Implementation of the Oxygen Saturation Index as a Predictor of Outcome in Prenatally Diagnosed CDH Neonates in the First 24 Hours of Life.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the Oxygen Saturation Index (OSI) as a noninvasive measure for early postnatal management and outcome prediction in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Additionally, the study analyzed the correlation and predictive ability of OSI, Oxygenation Index (OI), Horovitz Index (HI), and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO) regarding mortality and the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Methods: A retrospective, single-center study using data from 2013 to 2020.

Resonance-Amplified Terahertz Near-Field Spectroscopy of a Single Nanowire.

Nanoscale material systems are central to next-generation optoelectronic and quantum technologies, yet their development remains hindered by limited characterization tools, particularly at terahertz (THz) frequencies. Far-field THz spectroscopy techniques lack the sensitivity for investigating individual nanoscale systems, whereas in near-field THz nanoscopy, surface states, disorder, and sample-tip interactions often mask the response of the entire nanoscale system. Here, we present a THz resonance-amplified near-field spectroscopy technique that can detect subtle conductivity changes in isolated nanoscale systems─such as a single InAs nanowire─under ultrafast photoexcitation.

Pair bond quality influences social conditioned place preference expression, passive coping behavior, and central oxytocin receptor expression following partner loss in male prairie voles.

The dissolving of social bonds is disruptive and leads to increased stress responsivity and a strong desire for reunion. The oxytocin (OXT) system is critical for the formation of social attachments, such as pair bonds, and is also involved in social recognition, social memory, and social vigilance. Therefore, long-term changes in the OXT system resulting from cohabitation and pair bonding may contribute to reunion-seeking behavior.

Non-contact imaging of terahertz surface currents with aperture-type near-field microscopy.

Terahertz (THz) near-field imaging and spectroscopy provide valuable insights into the fundamental physical processes occurring in THz resonators and metasurfaces on the subwavelength scale. However, so far, the mapping of THz surface currents has remained outside the scope of THz near-field techniques. In this study, we demonstrate that aperture-type scanning near-field microscopy enables non-contact imaging of THz surface currents in subwavelength resonators.

Evaluation of the quality and self-management related content of websites promoting physical activity engagement after myocardial infarction or cardiac surgery: A scoping review.

Introduction: Uncertainty about safe engagement in activity during early recovery after cardiac events is common. Websites are a potential source of health information, especially for those unable to access follow-up support from health professionals. The variability in online health information quality is concerning as poor web-based information can negatively impact patient health outcomes and the ability to self-manage.

Understanding the needs of children and young people with food hypersensitivities: A qualitative study.

Background: Research has highlighted the psychosocial impact of living with food hypersensitivities (FHS) on children and young people (CYP). However, there is a paucity of qualitative data from CYP themselves in terms of the support they would like to receive to improve their psychological well-being.

Objective: To further understand firsthand the experiences of CYP with FHS including the challenges they face and to inform structural changes in how their psychological well-being is supported.

Health Outcomes of Elder Orphans: An Umbrella and Scoping Review of the Literature.

Objectives: As the population of elder orphans grows, little research has investigated the health outcomes of these socially and physically isolated older adults without caregiving support. Umbrella and scoping reviews were performed for studies examining health outcomes of older adults experiencing elements of elder orphanhood.

Methods: Studies published 2010- June 2021 and indexed on PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline, or SocINDEX were eligible.

Relationships between physical activities performed under free-living conditions and non-motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Physical activities performed under free-living conditions that are unsupervised in the home or community have the potential to modulate non-motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease.

Objective: This systematic review investigates the relationships between physical activities performed in free-living conditions and non-motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease: cognition, anxiety, apathy, depression, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and pain.

Data Sources: A database search was performed on Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid (PsycINFO), CINAHL, PubMed, and ProQuest (Health and Medicine).

Age-related epithelial defects limit thymic function and regeneration.

The thymus is essential for establishing adaptive immunity yet undergoes age-related involution that leads to compromised immune responsiveness. The thymus is also extremely sensitive to acute insult and although capable of regeneration, this capacity declines with age for unknown reasons. We applied single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, lineage-tracing and advanced imaging to define age-related changes in nonhematopoietic stromal cells and discovered the emergence of two atypical thymic epithelial cell (TEC) states.

Online, group, low-intensity psychological intervention for adults, children, and parents with food allergy.

Background: Food allergy (FA) impairs psychological wellbeing because of constant vigilance, planning and preparation, dietary and social restrictions, and fear of accidental ingestion, though psychological interventions are sparse.

Objective: To examine online, group, low-intensity psychological interventions for adults, children, young people (CYP), and parents with food allergies.

Methods: The randomized controlled trials assessed the feasibility and signal of the efficacy of a psychological intervention for adults, CYP, and parents with FA.

Childhood sleep is prospectively associated with adolescent alcohol and marijuana use.

Introduction: Prior studies have examined the cross-sectional relationship between adolescent sleep and substance use; however, fewer have explored the long-term connections between childhood sleep and adolescent substance use.

Methods: This study investigated both cross-sectional associations during adolescence and prospective associations between childhood weeknight sleep and later alcohol and marijuana use in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a diverse national birth cohort of urban children from 20 cities with populations greater than 200,000. Parents reported their child's bedtime at ages 3, 5, and 9 and their child's sleep duration at ages 5 and 9.

Comprehensive Flow Cytometric, Immunohistologic, and Molecular Assessment of Thymus Function in Rhesus Macaques.

The critical importance of the thymus for generating new naive T cells that protect against novel infections and are tolerant to self-antigens has led to a recent revival of interest in monitoring thymic function in species other than humans and mice. Nonhuman primates such as rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) provide particularly useful animal models for translational research in immunology. In this study, we tested the performance of a 15-marker multicolor Ab panel for flow cytometric phenotyping of lymphocyte subsets directly from rhesus whole blood, with validation by thymectomy and T cell depletion.

Active species in chloroaluminate ionic liquids catalyzing low-temperature polyolefin deconstruction.

Chloroaluminate ionic liquids selectively transform (waste) polyolefins into gasoline-range alkanes through tandem cracking-alkylation at temperatures below 100 °C. Further improvement of this process necessitates a deep understanding of the nature of the catalytically active species and the correlated performance in the catalyzing critical reactions for the tandem polyolefin deconstruction with isoalkanes at low temperatures. Here, we address this requirement by determining the nuclearity of the chloroaluminate ions and their interactions with reaction intermediates, combining in situ Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in situ Raman spectroscopy, Al K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, and catalytic activity measurement.

Temporal and spatial dynamics within the fungal microbiome of grape fermentation.

Over 6 years, we conducted an extensive survey of spontaneous grape fermentations, examining 3105 fungal microbiomes across 14 distinct grape-growing regions. Our investigation into the biodiversity of these fermentations revealed that a small number of highly abundant genera form the core of the initial grape juice microbiome. Consistent with previous studies, we found that the region of origin had the most significant impact on microbial diversity patterns.

Supported self-management in long-term conditions in an African context.

Unlabelled: Self-management is an important strategy to improve quality of life, appropriately manage long-term health conditions, and reduce the economic burden of long-term health conditions. However, equitable healthcare access remains an issue, and the focus on 'self' in self-management is problematic. Our review aims to explore the conceptualisation and evolution of supported self-management in an African context and its relevance to physiotherapy.