Ethical evaluation of artificial intelligence applications in radiotherapy using the Four Topics Approach.

Artificial Intelligence is the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior. An important impact can be expected from Artificial Intelligence throughout the workflow of radiotherapy (such as automated organ segmentation, treatment planning, prediction of outcome and quality assurance). However, ethical concerns regarding the binding agreement between the patient and the physician have followed the introduction of artificial intelligence.

Radiation therapy for biliary tract tumors: the joint experience of three centers.

Background/aim: This study presents the joint experience of three centers in the treatment of patients with biliary tract tumors with radiation therapy (RT).

Materials And Methods: The records of 27 patients were retrospectively reviewed. All of the patients who had undergone surgical resection received postoperative adjuvant RT, whereas all of the patients who had not undergone a surgical resection received RT with palliative intent.

Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin against oxidant injury following brain irradiation: an experimental study.

Introduction: Radiation therapy (RT) is a major treatment modality, and the central nervous system is a dose-limiting organ in clinical RT. This experimental study aims to present the evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin (EPO) against oxidant injury following brain irradiation in rats.

Material And Methods: Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups ( = 10 each).

Defining the "Hostile Pelvis" for Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy: The Impact of Anatomic Variations in Pelvic Dimensions on Dose Delivered to Target Volumes and Organs at Risk in Patients With High-Risk Prostate Cancer Treated With Whole Pelvic Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of variations in pelvic dimensions on the dose delivered to the target volumes and the organs at risk (OARs) in patients with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) to be treated with whole pelvic radiation therapy (WPRT) in an attempt to define the hostile pelvis in terms of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).

Methods And Materials: In 45 men with high-risk PCa to be treated with WPRT, the target volumes and the OARs were delineated, the dose constraints for the OARs were defined, and treatment plans were generated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0924 protocol. Six dimensions to reflect the depth, width, and height of the bony pelvis were measured, and 2 indexes were calculated from the planning computed tomographic scans.

Histopathological evaluation of melatonin as a protective agent in heart injury induced by radiation in a rat model.

Introduction: Melatonin is a hormone which is known to be a powerful cardioprotective agent due to its free radical-scavenging properties. This study was carried out to evaluate whether melatonin administration prior to irradiation would have a protective effect on cardiac histopathological changes in an experimental rat model.

Methods: Rats were divided into four groups.

Assessment of early and late dysphagia using videofluoroscopy and quality of life questionnaires in patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiation therapy.

Backgorund: The aim of this study was to evaluate dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy using objective and subjective tools simultaneously and to associate the clinical correlates of dysphagia with dosimetric parameters.

Methods: Twenty patients were included in the study. The primary tumor and the involved lymph nodes (LN) were treated with 66-70 Gy, the uninvolved LN were treated with 46-50 Gy.

The effects of irradiation on the blood dynamics.

Aim: The present study evaluates the effects of irradiation on the blood dynamics.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six volunteers providing written consent participated. A blood sample was transferred into three tubes containing CPDA-1 solution while another blood sample was transferred into three tubes containing heparin.

Endobronchial metastases from a leiomyosarcoma of the uterus.

A 63-year-old woman presented with dyspnea, non-productive cough and chest pain. On computed tomography of the thorax, near total atelectasis of the left lung was reported. On bronchoscopic examination, a mass lesion was observed in the mucosa of the left main bronchus leading to near total obstruction.

[Chondroradionecrosis in two patients with laryngeal carcinoma].

Postradiotherapy necrosis in the larynx is a rare but serious complication. It must be differentiated from tumor recurrence with radiological and histopathological studies. Herein, we presented two patients with stage II and stage IV larynx carcinoma who developed chondroradionecrosis following radiotherapy.

The histopathological evaluation of the effectiveness of melatonin as a protectant against acute lung injury induced by radiation therapy in a rat model.

Purpose: This study presents the histopathological evaluation of the effectiveness of melatonin as a protectant against acute lung injury induced by radiation therapy.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups. The rats in Group 1 received melatonin and underwent radiation therapy.

The effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on the healing of tracheal anastomosis following radiation therapy in rats.

Objective: This study evaluates the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on the healing of tracheal anastomosis following radiation therapy in rats.

Methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 underwent tracheal anastomosis.

The evaluation of the oxidant injury as a function of time following brain irradiation in a rat model.

This study presents the evaluation of the oxidant injury as a function of time following brain irradiation in a rat model. Thirty-five Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. The rats in Group 1 through Group 6 underwent irradiation, whereas the rats in Group 7 underwent sham irradiation.

The use of recursive partitioning analysis grouping in patients with brain metastases from non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: This study evaluates the use of recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) grouping in an attempt to predict the survival probabilities in patients with brain metastases from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Seventy-two patients with brain metastases from NSCLC treated with radiation therapy were included in the study. Sixty-three patients were male and nine patients were female.

Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma presenting with multifocal intrathoracic mass lesions associated with mediastinal shift.

Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma is an uncommon disease that predominantly involves the soft tissues of the trunk or the extremities. This article presents a patient with multifocal intrathoracic mass lesions involving the mediastinum and the lingula associated with mediastinal shift, eventually diagnosed as extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma.

Compressive optic neuropathy due to orbital metastasis of a sacral chordoma: case report.

A 44-year-old man presented with unilateral proptosis and progressively deteriorating vision of his left eye over a 2-week period. He had a history of recurrent sacral chordoma for 1 year that had previously been treated with combined surgical excision, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. MRI showed compression of the optic nerve by an orbital mass that proved to be an orbital metastasis of his sacral chordoma.

Metastatic fibrosarcoma of the brain: transformation from conventional to epithelioid form--case report.

A 45-year-old woman presented with an extremely rare metastatic fibrosarcoma of the brain manifesting as persistent headache. She had undergone surgery for a fibrosarcoma of the soft tissue of the thigh 2 months earlier. She had a history of previous surgery and radiotherapy for this tumor.